Evaluation of Protective Resources and Peer Review

OKC bombing of 1995 was one of the greatest domestic terrorist attack in the history of U.S. Despite the attack and measures that were taken after the attack; the country still faces domestic terrorist's threats. Despite the recent attacks being small as compared to the OKC bombing, there is need to take measures to avert such attacks. Threat assessment is one of the key plans to prevent attacks in different areas in the country. Sometimes attackers are on a revenge mission, jihadists or even political instigated. Whatever the reason for attacks, one should always be vigilant and ensure their security. The government cannot keep everyone safe despite its great effort to ensure security. The OKC bombing had many lessons to both security agencies and the citizens in general. Various security changes followed the bombing; it was like a wakeup call for the government (Linenthal, 2003).

Phoenix rising football stadium is very vulnerable to terrorist attacks since it is a public stadium. Any terrorist can decide to attack the stadium especially when it is at its maximum capacity. The management of the stadium is mostly responsible for ensuring the security of both the football fans and the players. According to threat assessment, many threats are faced by the phoenix rising football stadium. The most visible is a security threat, over congestion, stampede, and assaults. The size of the stadium does not offer security response measures (Deng, 2015). For example, the exits are limited; in case of an attack, it could be hard for the response teams to assess the stadium leading to death casualties. According to the assessment threat, phoenix rising football stadium is at high risk of an attack. However, lessons can be drawn from OKC bombing to improve the protection measures of the stadium.

The stadium management should improve security checks during entry at the stadium especially during major games.it are expected most football fans come to the stadium during major games. This is the time when the stadium is filled to its maximum; this could be an opportune moment for a domestic terrorist attack (Windle, 2011). Just like the case of OKC bombing, terrorist attackers prefer arrears that are crowded to increase the number of casualties. It is therefore good for the management to improve security surveillance during entry. The Murrah federal building was thought to be one of the secure places in the city that they had one guard only. They did not take security measures seriously. The surveillance was poor; this led to the entry of the bombing truck up to its compound without anyone noticing. Later they put measures to prevent such attacks. Prevention is better in the case of Phoenix rising football stadium; they need to prevent any internal or external threat at all cost. There is need to install security cameras around the stadium perimeter and have more security guards man the entrances.

In cases where an attack occurs, phoenix rising stadium lacks the best response methods. There are no entry points for rescue agencies in case of an attack. When the OKC bombing occurred, the surrounding environment was highly congested by people who were running away from the accident area. This created confusion and blockaded the entry points by the rescue teams.it took hours for rescue teams from far to arrive at the scene. There were minimal access points to the Murrah Federal building. In cases where a threat is found, people tend to struggle for their lives leading to congestion and commotion. Sometimes this leads to a stampede and others may lose their lives. According to the threat assessment of phoenix rising soccer stadium, no emergency plan is available for the numerous fans that occupy the stadium. The management should focus on building clear entry and exit routes. At the same time entry points for the response, teams should be indicated for accessibility in case of any threat.

Sporting attracts all types of people; therefore it is good to regulate their behavior through policy use. Some may be full of vengeance in the case where their team does not win and may decide to arm the opponent spectators (Pearson and Stott, 2016). Therefore weapons should be regulated and kept out of the stadium. The security guards should always conduct a thorough search on anybody who gains entry to the stadium. Also, alcohol or drug use should not be tolerated within the stadium premise. At the same time, extremely drunk fans should not be allowed near the stadium. In the case of OKC bombing, the bombers sought to revenge against the federal government; they were resentful of their actions something that caused many people their lives. On that regard, Phoenix should ensure policies are in place to ensure all loopholes of attacks, assaults, and any threat are sealed (Lobell, 2009).

Conclusion

In conclusion, lessons learned from the OKC bombing if implemented well; they can be helpful in protecting public assets such as the phoenix rising football stadium. However, there can be full protection against attacks and threats. Therefore each person is responsible for their security. Domestic attacks and internal threats are unavoidable, but it is good to avert them when possible.in cases where they occur, measures should be there to cope with the situations.

References

Deng, Y. (2015). A threat assessment model under uncertain environment. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015.

Lobell, S. E. (2009). Threat assessment, the state, and foreign policy: a neoclassical realist model. Neoclassical realism, the state, and foreign policy, 42-74.

Linenthal, E. T. (2003). The unfinished bombing: Oklahoma City in American memory. Oxford University Press.

Pearson, G., & Stott, C. (2016). FAREWELL TO THE HOOLIGAN?. Critical Issues in Global Sports Management, 164.

Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011). A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health and quality of life outcomes, 9(1), 8.

McVeigh, T., & Nichols, T. Oklahoma City bombing.