Introduction
Over the years, racism in the United States of America has been the prime topic of discussion. The aspect of racism has been distracted by high-profile individuals and institutions. The racial hoax has been rampant in the United States. Different individuals, as well as institutions, are on record for fabricating criminal cases and faulting others based on race. As a result of the preconceived doctrines and beliefs of black men stereotype as criminals, these racial hoaxes attract more media attention, thereby creating a more social discord. The stereotype of different races in America has necessitated the use of racial tricks against the allied races. Individuals interested in diplomacy, public relations, ancient and contemporary relations in the American race have played a crucial role in disputing the many cases of racism, making headlines every day. Empirically, racism in America does not exist. The narrative of racism has been as a result of hoax perpetrators giving out false information to masquerade the truth.
Russell brown recorded approximately 70 racial hoaxes incidences between 1987 and 1996, with more than 70% being white-to- black (Jones, 2014). At least half got depicted within a week. In the same document, scores of hoax perpetrators got convicted for presenting a false report. Scholars and researchers have significantly contributed to exploring the truth between crime and race in America. Different aspects have triggered controversy and debate as far as justice is concerned. These disagreements have been a result of varying information used, various theoretical frameworks, and diverse methodologies used in research. For instance, scholars researching racial discrimination in the criminal justice system have explored conflicting results. For example, the opinions aired by scholars on the racial biasness in crime counting systems is impressive. The statistics used in the literature put more emphasis on crimes committed in the streets (mostly affiliated to blacks) rather than focusing on all criminal offenses, including white color offenses, which are incurred by the whites(Jones, 2014).
This eventually depicts a biased picture of individual races. Some of the research asserts that the systems perpetuate racism by providing unreliable data to stereotype the minority races as criminals.in a study carried out by the Bureau of Justice Statistics on conviction of an adult felony, 51% were blacks while 38% were whites (Jones, 2014). However, the research never recorded incidences of black mistreatment by the criminal justice system; neither does it provide evidence of the whites getting favored by the system (Jones, 2014). Many studies have revealed that there is no prosecution, arrest, sentencing, or adjudication biasness on blacks. The quality of education gets served in terms of race. The whites get better knowledge and tend to achieve more than the minority groups. Minority ethnic groups have a reputation for getting low marks than their counterparts whites. The blacks live in a poor environment, with limited resources and a bog-standard mode of education delivery. The whites live in much-exposed areas, with enough resources and standards to achieve the best quality of education
In the context of voting, the blacks, Latinos, and Chicanos are considered to be the most significant voting blocs (Jones, 2014). This got witnessed during the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, where the increased number of voters saw the election of the first African-American president, Barack Obama (Jones, 2014).
Similarly, in the democratic primary of 1984, the black vote played a significant role in turning Jesse Jackson, a contender (Jones, 2014). Likewise, bill Clinton won the party's nomination courtesy of the black vote (Jones, 2014). Over the ages, the black count has always been a determinant of the winning candidate in democratic nomination. This trend has changed the political atmosphere.
Latinos and blacks have been playing a vital role in presidential politics in America.
Latinos voters command a good number in America. For instance, in the 2016 presidential elections new Mexico registered 40.4%, California 28%, texas 28.1%, Florida 18%, Arizona 21.5%,New York (13.8%), and Colorado (14.5%)(Jones, 2014). Latinos participate in political activities as well as civil activities. According to statistics,27.3m Latinos are eligible voters, which is 12% of the total number of voters(Jones, 2014). The number of eligible Latino voters has drastically increased by 80% since 2012. However, the turnout of Latinos has been constantly low(Jones, 2014). According to the researcher, the low voter turn is as a result of estimating the Latino vote based on random people that include non-citizens who are not eligible to vote(Jones, 2014). The study does not reveal any concrete evidence on perpetuated discrimination, harassment, and biased elections laws.
From 1882 to 1943, the government of the united states of America suspended Chinese from immigrating to the united states (Portes & Zhou, 2012). This policy was meant to control the increasing number of Chinese who had come to provide cheap labor. The increase of population and competition of work with the native Americans prompted the government to impose strict immigration rules to prevent the Chinese. The Act of may 6,1882(22stat.58) prevented further immigration of more Chinese to America while allowing those already in the states to continue living, travel outside the country and return(Portes & Zhou, 2012). There is barely any evidence of racism in these laws by the government. As of 1880, those who were in America were not bound to the immigrants' restrictive laws(Portes & Zhou, 2012). Recently, statistics unveil that the Chinese Americans command 1.5% of the U.S population., an estimation of 3.8 million (Portes & Zhou, 2012).
In 2017, 43% of the 11.6 million Mexicans who immigrated to the united states were illegal immigrants(Portes & Zhou, 2012). This increased number of illegal migrants has deteriorated security in the country. To reduce these inflating numbers of the Mexicans, the federal government has enacted strict and harsh laws to control the numbers(Portes & Zhou, 2012). There have been numerous cases of Mexicans conviction in Americans jurisdiction as well as deportation in recent years. Almost all the convicted and deported Mexicans were found to be illegal immigrants. The strict law formulated does not discriminate against the legal migrants. Some individuals have termed this effort of the government as a way of tormenting the Mexicans. Such accusations are hypothetical since there is no substantial evidence in support of that.
Slavery in ancient America was rampant. Small ethnic groups provided cheap labor in plantations in the states. However, it is the whites who initiated the idea of slave abolitions. The revolution began with the formation of American anti-slavery society, with William Lloyd Garrison as the leader. John Brown, one of the extreme abolitionists, advocated for a violent rebellion of slaves to suppress human slavery in the United States.
Conclusion
In conclusion, racism has dramatically gotten disputed in the United States. Different works of literature have different opinions on racial cases In the US. Some studies present some evidence of racial incidents, while others produce conflicting findings. There is more convincing information that there is little or no racism in the criminal justice system, American schools, slavery practiced in America as well as Chinese/Mexican immigration. For instance, a Black-American found guilty of murder will likely get a harsh conviction. Likewise, a white offender convicted of the same murder case is likely to get the same severe condemnation.
References
Jones, M. (2014). Plotting the Hoax: Reading American Detection through Poe. Poe Studies, 47(1), 129-132.
Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (2012). Transnationalism and development: Mexican and Chinese immigrant organizations in the United States. Population and Development Review, 38(2), 191-220.
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