Essay Sample on Abortion: The Debate on Reproductive Health and Rights

Introduction

There have been debates about abortion across the world with some countries legalizing it and some it is a crime, but the question is, is abortion healthy and what circumstances should it be carried out? In some states, abortion is not allowed at any point regardless of the situation of the mother or the fetus. Reproductive health and rights are essential, and every individual should value their reproductive health and rights. Further, more sexual rights and hygiene should also be assessed to ensure the proper development of human beings regarding their sexuality. Sexual and reproductive education is very important because it creates awareness, the paper will provide the necessary education one needs to understand about their sexuality as they development as well as reproduction.

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Abortion

Abortion is the procedure used to end a pregnancy; it can be through the medicine of surgery to remove the embryo and placenta from the uterus. Usually performed by a professional nurse who is licensed to do so, referred to the termination of pregnancy resulting in the death of the embryo. There are two main types of abortion used: the medical abortion, this is the use of medication to end a pregnancy or terminate a pregnancy and used at any stage of the pregnancy (WHO, 2017). One takes a medicine called Mifepristone which interferes with the hormones that are responsible for the growth and development of the embryos, after some hours another drug called Misoprostol is given to the victim which makes the lining of the uterus to break causing bleeding hence loose of pregnancy.

Another type of abortion is surgical abortion, it involves having some procedures with the anesthetic, and the area numbed while the victim is relaxed and awake. Other methods are the suction aspiration, this consists of the use tubes inserted through the entrance of the womb to the womb, and the embryos sucked and removed. Various abortion laws have been implemented since 1900 in many states in the US before the US courts decimalized abortion nationwide it was legal in most of the states and the decision from the court made some uniform working points for the rules (Lindley and Walsemann, 2015).

Roe vs. Wade

Roe vs. Wade argued that the in 1973 the decision made by the US supreme court was a landmark and that the ruling that abortion was only allowed to save the life of the mother allowed abortion in various circumstances in the states, they thought the decision was unconstitutional and promoted more abortion in the countries (Lindley, Walsemann, 2015). And with the help of the US supreme court, they decriminalized abortion nationwide.

Sexual Health

The state of physical, mental and social wellbeing in terms of sexuality, it requires appropriate sexuality and sexual relationships, possibility of having pleasurable and experiencing safe sex without any violence, discrimination and any form of cohesion. Some of the sexual problems one can experience include the sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS caused by HIV, which affects both the male and the female it exposes once the immune system to various conditions. Another type is the Gonorrhea caused by bacteria, syphilis, breast cancer which affects the female it is a significant cause of death females today and cervical cancer which also affect the female mostly (WHO, 2017). One needs to have health-promoting behaviors which will result in the identification of sexual problem issues, and how to address the problems at the early stage this will help avoid all the discrimination and the stigma that might be present and allow one to acquire treatment in time.

For healthier sexual behaviors, one needs to have proper erections to avoid complications, with female experiencing this in stages to achieve their orgasm before taking part in any sexual activity. It involves nervous stimulation where the clitoris erects being that it is the primary sexual organ in the females. The Bartholin glands activate, causing the vagina to elongates for easy penetration and lubrication happens. Once the nerves are stimulated, and the clitoris stimulated to the top the walls of the uterus and the fallopian tube contracts to propel the sperm to the tubes for the fertilization to take place.

Sexual Rights

These are rights that protect, and control once their own body and their sexuality without any form of discrimination and violence. The rights protect the individuals from issues such as gender-based violence in the society forced marriage at early stages, genital mutilation which most women and girls experience in some parts of the world, dress, and education. The sexual rights promote human rights that are recognized nationally, and internationally, they make sure that no individual exposed to sexual discriminations, and identified in the society. The sexual rights help to minimize the cases of rape and defilement as every individual is aware of what do in any situation that might happen. Countries have strict legislation about these rights and protect every person that might experience any sexual abuse from any person.

Reproductive Health

It is the most critical part; it entails how individuals handle their reproductive parts where we have various process that takes place. For example, we the menstrual cycle that the female undergoes once they are on the onset of puberty, it is the regular changes in the uterus lining that results in monthly bleeding, we have the monarchy which is the first menstrual period and the hormones that are involved in such activities. The Testerone in male is responsible for the secondary sex characteristic and the maturation of the male reproductive system. We have both the internal and external reproductive parts in female and male and the sex cells that includes the sperm cell and the ova in female (Davidson,2016). The birth process can also interferer with the reproductive system if complications experienced like long labor pain.

Infertility becoming a major issue and causing psychological problems to those experiencing it, it is when one is unable to conceive a child and there are issues that results to this like when one is suffering from a scaring STDs, low or absent of perm account in males, inadequate diet in female and menopause.

Reproductive Rights

These are the legal rights and freedoms about the reproduction and health-related issues among different countries. They allow people to have the number of children they wish; they do not dictate once life. Allow for the use of various contraceptives of your wish the one suitable for you; there are several contraceptives that one can use like the chemical barriers and the mechanical barriers (Davidson,2016).

Pro-choice and Pro-life

Women are to decide when to have children when not married, but when they married the task should not be left for them, but both should choose as couples when or whether to have children. And this does not mean that they should abort if they get pregnant before their time because this will put their life to danger.

Conclusion

Though the reproductive rights are personal one should not put their life at risk just because of the decisions they make, and the government should still monitor the alternative people use to make sure they do not put their lives in danger.

References

Davidson, A. (2016). Suspected female-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus. New York City, U.S. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6528e2.htm

Lindley, L. L., & Walsemann, K. M. (2015). Sexual orientation and risk of pregnancy among New York City high-school students. American Journal of Public Health, 105(7), 1379-1386. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302553

World Health Organization. (2017). Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: an operational approach. https://www.who.int/topics/sexual_health/en/