Essay Example on Global Governance: Bridging the Gap Between Solutions and Problems

Introduction

The world is marred with global scale threats that cannot be handled without having collective action. Even though a global government ceases not to exist, informal and formal, initiatives, and institutions have merged to create global governance (Crepeau & Atak, 2016). In essence, the global governance bring a broader measure of order, stability, and predictability to trans-border issues. However, there exists a gap between the available solution and the current worldwide problems to be solved. Thakur and Weiss analyze the role of the UN in handling issues such as compliance, institutional, policy, normative, and knowledge lapses (Weiss & Thakur, 2010). The five existing global gaps are explored via case studies of some vital concepts that are experienced in the modern world such as, humanitarian crises, terrorism, climate change, HIV/AIDS, human rights, development aid, and nuclear proliferation.

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Knowledge

In the past, refugee flow was hardly a topic of discussion, rendering the global public policy agenda oblivious to consider the issue. At the beginning of the millennium, many proponents issued an awareness with passionate concern over the unprecedented migration concern. The growing interest reflected the need for the IGOs to have a proper understanding of handling the emerging complex and trans-sovereign phenomenon (Crepeau & Atak, 2016). Involuntary migration entails a group of people who flee their homes of permanent residence based on safety of life-threatening events. Forced migrations entail the overlapping groups such as the victim of human trafficking, disaster and environment displacement, development-induced displaced persons, internally displaced persons, asylum seekers, and refugees.

UNHCR's ultimate goal is to protect refugees who have left their original permanent residence based on persecution, conflicts, and violence (Korneev, 2014). UNHCR offers life-saving assistance, medical care, water, food, and shelter to the refugees. The body deploys its trained staff and sends relief supplies as a response to emergency needs. In 2014, the emergence mission conducted by UNCHR was about 441.

UNHCR works in tandem with other organizations to offer proper health and sanitation. UNCHR specialists make sure that the refugees get access to sanitation programs, nutritious food, clean water, and other basic health care services (Kortendiek, 2018). In the health area, UNHCR conducted an exemplary project to protect refugees from measles and polio diseases. UNHCR is the focus on making sure that the rights of the refugees before and after emergencies are preserved. UNHCR offers protection and legal assistance to reduce the incidences of violence such as persecution, exploitation, sexual assault, and other human rights crises.

UNHCR is committed to emergency relief efforts by empowering refugees based on capability context to long-term livelihood. In essence, UNHCR is focused on enhancing access to learning for young victims by funding education supplies and training teachers (Korneev, 2014). In other words, UNHCR makes sure that the acquired academic degrees are obtained from a recognized institution in support of distance-learning programs even as they return to their respective countries.

Marginalized women such as older, disabled, gender violence victims, single mothers, and unaccompanied women in the refugee camps get support from UNHCR. The organization provides them with equal opportunities for the training of new skills and access to other humanitarian assistance. As a unique program, UNHCR strives to increase the number of young women to engage in leadership and enroll in various secondary education as well as receiving vocational skills.

In 2001, IOM launched its International Dialogue on Migration, whose role is consistent with the IOM constitutional mandate of offering a form for Observers and Member state in identifying and discussing challenges and issues in the international migration field (Korneev, 2014). IDM also strives to bring a better understanding of migration and improve cooperation on migration concerns between actors and governments. IDM covers capacity-building function in its mandates, which help experts from various domains and regions to share effective practices and policy approaches in specific areas of interest to create a network for future activities.

The IOM membership identifies the theme to be followed and discussion' subject in the IDM workshop. The constructive and inclusive format of dialogue assists in establishing an open climate which serves in creating confidence among different migration stakeholders (Kortendiek, 2018). IDM, in collaboration with policy analysis and targeted research, gives a better topical understanding and emerging linkages and issues with other policy domains. IDM facilitates policy exchange approaches and options among practitioners and policymakers with a focus on humane and effective international immigration.

The IDM Publication Series is designed to review and capture events' outcomes conducted with its framework. The IDM Publication Series is coordinated and prepared by the IDM unit. The Red Book series contains supplementary materials and report of a workshop held in Geneva, Switzerland in 2014 (Geiger & Pecoud, 2014). The workshop was attended by 230 participants from 29 private sector, international, and non-governmental organizations, and 81 representing governments.

In the first pages of the publication contains a summary of principal conclusions which were drawn from the workshop participants (Campbell & Warrick, 2014). The other areas entail detailed recommendations and deliberations reports which were derived from the discussion. Besides, the publications contain the background and plan paper concerning the workshop. In 2014, the IDM was managed and organized by the IDM Unit of IOM's Department of International Cooperation and Partnership with cooperation from the Migration Management department.

Public-Private Alliance for Fair and Ethical Recruitment of IOM is committed to improving practical tools to handle unethical recruitment issues (Kortendiek, 2018). The PPA enhances community practices for ethical and fair recruitment, including establishing specific tools like International Recruitment Integrity System to be applied by the private sector and governments in strengthening ethical labor recruitment.

In the European Union (EU), IGOs give extra negotiation possibilities, which also acts as a fast-track exit strategy to prevent complex and reduce typical decision-making processes. In Europe, IGOs are characterized by a high involvement in policies' implementation and policy' low level of transparency. However, it yet determined if IGOs respect the immigrant's and EU citizens' interests (Geiger, 2014). The current methods used by the IGOs undermines tolerant' of the project in a liberal society. The IGOs are yet to overcome their political struggles for specific leadership and intra-organizational financial interests.

In the last two decades, Europe IGOs regime has existed to manage migrations, but have faced different struggle from the traditional state actors in maintaining its capacity to solve migration challenges experienced nationally. The local government has joined forces with other governments to regulate their capacity. The idea behind the traditional state, trans-state, and non-state actors is to govern migration movements, which entail the need to mitigate the root causes contributing to emigration in other states. Thus, governance is directly centered towards state actors in transiting countries, including other specific settings within the countries' societies.

Currently, the non-state organization has registered a remarkable growth of acting trans-nationally, to reach different liberations in terms of financial transaction and trade, making them circumvent national regulation (Campbell & Warrick, 2014). The national government, based on the challenges they experience in governing policy issues, can hardly respect the set policies. In most instances, they are confronted with the desire to cooperate with other actors and nations to realize trans-policy and cross-border solutions. Also, they face challenges in coordinating their own actions in given transnational policy areas and those fueled by the foreign forces.

In the use of nuclear power, trade, and environmental protection use, IGOs have contributed to a new quality of cross-border bargaining and negotiation. In international levels cooperation, most the national governments seek to get solutions to their challenges they are unable to solve based on their transnational character (Lederer & Muller, 2005). Thus, it implies that a single issue can be tackled in a less effective approach than multilateral action. The focus of the government in closing and bridging the gaps in policies' implementation by combining or substituting unilateral action with multilateral efforts is based on securing their previous authoritative positions as well as pretending to have full possession of regulatory capacities.

Although the national governments recommitted international collaboration, they are still struggling to deal with new actors engaged in cross-border governance beyond the nation-state. The term international regimes may describe the specific setting of explicit or implicit decision-making procedures, rules, norms, and principles around which the expectation of actors converge in a given issue-area. Thus, the international regime can be conceptualized as a normative and institutional arrangement to facilitate coordination and cooperation among egocentric, each other independent policy actors, and egocentric aiming at mitigating and circumventing adverse effects of solely unilateral policy actions. Despite the challenges, international regimes are unique arrangements with the specific capacity to cope with and resist short-term fluctuation concerning interest constellation and power relations among international regime members. Within the international regime, the actors' goal is to influence policy governance, which entails direct regime setting or actors outside and inside the collaboration.

Refugee and migratory movements are assumptions embedded within the globalization paradigm. The two movements were directly contributed by the fading regulatory ability of transit, sending, and receiving countries. In the late 1980s, most countries commenced with a new internal regime' project to help govern refugee movements and migration on the regional level. Reinforcement by the UN Secretary-General convened a Global Commission on Migration 15 to create a new global that extends beyond framework for people's movement.

European Union Member states have been successful in realizing a higher level of traditional collaboration with non-European nations in specific migration governance field. The multilateral collaboration is currently reaching supra-nationalized level among EU member states. Cross-border expert panels and inter-governmental organizations are vital in realizing the high level of EU-overlapping international collaboration and intra-EU. Thus, it entails the asylum regime and migration evolvement that extends to neighboring areas such as Northern Africa. However, the international regime in the last two decades has not created an all-encompassing program. The regime stiff focus exclusively on border controls.

Policy

Restriction made on the mass movement, and close policy coordination among global governance and national approaches are effective in reducing the influx...