China: World's Largest Domestic Market, Booming Economy - Research Paper

Introduction

With a population of 1.436 billion (Worldometers, 2019), China is potentially the largest domestic market in the world, a market that increasingly demands goods and services of its own. Over the last two decades, China has emerged as one of the most industrious and rapidly developing countries in the world. The nation has made rapid progress in globalizing its production and trade. The country has achieved hasty economic growth, averaging an annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of 10% over the past two decades (Clark, Pinkovskiy, & Sala-I-Martin, 2017).

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Currently, the country's modernization drives have led to the development of hazardous industries and insecure workplaces, leading to enormous environmental and occupational public health problems (He, Huang, & Ye, 2014). According to the International Labor Organization (2019), 2.3 million workplace-related deaths have occurred in 2019, with China recording 10,000 deaths from 15,000 work-related accidents from January to May. Occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and strongly focuses on primary prevention of hazards (WHO, 2017). Occupational risks can lead to respiratory diseases and stress-related disorders (Guo et al., 2015). The determinants of public occupational health include workplace policies, working hours, salary, and health promotion.

Public health is the science and art of averting diseases, prolonging life and promoting physical fitness and effectiveness through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment and community infections, education of individuals in principles of personal hygiene, organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of diseases (Winslow, 1920).

Research Questions

• The following questions will guide the research:
• What are the leading occupational and environmental agents influencing public health in China?
• How are the ministries of health and environmental protection protecting the people of China from the occupational and environmental health agents?
• What are the social, economic, and political implications of occupational and environmental public health?
• What have others on the field of occupational and environmental public health in China? How are they instrumental in this research?

Research Objectives

• The research's objectives include:
• The following are the major objectives of this research:
• To determine occupational and environmental agents that influences the overall public health in China
• To determine how the Ministries in the health sector and health protection in China copyright in terms of environmental and occupational health agents
• Determine the social and economic implications together with the political occupations within the Environmental Health in China
• To show what literature says on the occupational, environmental public health in China and how various Instruments of research can be used to improve on this situation

Literature Review

China is the most populated country in the world, with a population of 1.436 as of 2019 (International Labor Organization 2019). This population transfers to China, having the largest domestic market (Zhang et al., 2018). The market has led to increasing the demand for goods and services that are created in the country by its own people (He, Huang, and Ye, 2014). China has therefore developed as a result of this, and it has emerged as one of the most industrious countries in terms of development over the last two decades (International Labor Organization (ILO), 2019). The growth rate of China has been over 10% and is more than any other country around the globe (Jiang et al., 2017). From the current statistics, china also has Industries that come with this development (Sweileh et al., 2015). However, this Industry also calls for Environmental concerns, especially when it comes to public health concerns (Clark, Pinkovskiy, and Sala-I-Martin, 2017). The statistics by national labor organization shows that they are more than two million deaths that are related to accidents that car during working hours. Such occupational risks can also lead to diseases that are developed from the environment (Kishi et al., 2017). Human injuries result in concerning cases of Environmental concerns, and therefore, China has to find ways of dealing with such ideas (Kan, Chen, Hong, 2009). Air pollution is one of the major hazards that lead to respiratory problems as well as premature death (Lei et al., 2011; and Zhang, Yao, and Qin, 2016). As a developing country, factories suffer from extensive working relations with minimal supervision coming from the environment to advocate for ideas that can help solve this situation (Worldometers 2019). Environmental health is the science and practice of preventing human diseases and injuries through identifying and evaluating hazardous environmental agents and limiting human exposure to them (World Health Organization (WHO), 2017). China faces three major environmental hazards: air, water, and soil contamination (Jiang et al., 2017). Air pollution is the major hazard leading to respiratory conditions, hospitalization, and premature mortality (Kan et al. 2009). World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 320,000 deaths occur annually in China because of air pollution (Lei et al., 2011). The issue is of growing importance to health experts, labor rights, government officials, local factory operators, multinational firms, consumers, and Chinese workers.

Significance of Study

As one of the biggest concerns around the globe today, environmental conservation and pollution are issues of concern in the academic field. This result will contribute to the ongoing solution for occupational and environmental public health in China. It will also contribute to the general public opinion about health occupation and the overall public health concerns. Human health is closely tied to environmental conditions. The Ministry of Health (MoH) is responsible for fulfilling the country's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy (Kermanizadeh et al., 2016). The agency formulates special management and technical teams for the inspection and assessment of public health effects. The Ministry of Environmental Protection of China analyzes the impact of the current industrial practices on the environment, formulating strategies for minimizing environmental damage.

Research Methodology

This research will use a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In attaining the data, the researcher will provide a news interview questionnaire to find out about your opinions of the people about the subjects for occupational and environmental public health concerns in China. The majority of the interviewers who will be responsible for answering the questions in the research are people who work in heavy-duty Industries. In addition, government officials will be part of the research, as they will give their opinion about the progress of China and the rapid development in the country. A sample of 100 participants will be used together with the historical documentation support the development in China and how public health concerns have been an issue in the country. Before conducting the interview, the researcher will develop a consent form so that the participants do not feel coerced (Tong et al., 2015). China has faced major health hazards and the people who are involved in the part of the interview process as they have personal information that can be used to make conclusions in this research (Olsen et al., 2016). In addition, they are in a position where they have first-hand information that can be raced towards the government to implement strategies that can be used to prevent future damage.

References

Clark, H., Pinkovskiy, M., & Sala-I-Martin, X. (2017). China's GDP growth may be understated (No. w23323). National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w23323.pdf

Guo, Y., Rong, Y., Huang, X., Lai, H., Luo, X., Zhang, Z., ... & Chen, W. (2015). Shift work and the relationship with metabolic syndrome in Chinese aged workers. PloS one, 10(3), e0120632. Retrieved from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0120632

He, C., Huang, Z., & Ye, X. (2014). Spatial heterogeneity of economic development and industrial pollution in urban China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 28(4), 767-781. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Canfei_He2/publication/257431458_Spatial_heterogeneity_of_economic_development_and_industrial_pollution_in_urban_China/links/585f9eb508ae6eb871a40c20/Spatial-heterogeneity-of-economic-development-and-industrial-pollution-in-urban-China.pdf

International Labor Organization (ILO) (2019). Review of the work safety and health inspection system: Technical Memorandum: China. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-administration-inspection/resources-library/publications/WCMS_240207/lang--en/index.htm

Jiang, B., Liang, S., Peng, Z. R., Cong, H., Levy, M., Cheng, Q., ... & Remais, J. V. (2017). Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future. The Lancet, 390(10104), 1781-1791. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5704968/

Jiang, B., Liang, S., Peng, Z. R., Cong, H., Levy, M., Cheng, Q., ... & Remais, J. V. (2017). Transport and public health in China: the road to a healthy future. The Lancet, 390(10104), 1781-1791. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5704968/

Kan, H., Chen, B., & Hong, C. (2009). Health impact of outdoor air pollution in China: current knowledge and future research needs. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5704968/

Kermanizadeh, A., Gosens, I., MacCalman, L., Johnston, H., Danielsen, P. H., Jacobsen, N. R., ... & Wallin, H. (2016). A multilaboratory toxicological assessment of a panel of 10 engineered nanomaterials to human health-ENPRA project-the highlights, limitations, and current and future challenges. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 19(1), 1-28. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tobias_Stoeger2/publication/299518904_A_Multilaboratory_Toxicological_Assessment_of_a_Panel_of_10_Engineered_Nanomaterials_to_Human_Health-ENPRA_Project-The_Highlights_Limitations_and_Current_and_Future_Challenges/links/5de6714da6fdcc283703355a/A-Multilaboratory-Toxicological-Assessment-of-a-Panel-of-10-Engineered-Nanomaterials-to-Human-Health-ENPRA-Project-The-Highlights-Limitations-and-Current-and-Future-Challenges.pdf

Kishi, R., Zhang, J. J., Ha, E. H., Chen, P. C., Tian, Y., Xia, Y., ... & Hong, Y. C. (2017). Birth cohort consortium of Asia: current and future perspectives. Epidemiology, 28, S19-S34. Available at https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/71564/3/Epidemiology28_S19.pdf

Lei, Y., Zhang, Q., Nielsen, C., & He, K. (2011). An inventory of primary air pollutants and CO2 emissions from cement production in China, 1990-2020. Atmospheric Environment, 45(1), 147-154. Retrieved from https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/34730508/Lei%20Yu%20et%20al.%201101%20AE%20Cement.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Olsen, M. H., Angell, S. Y., Asma, S., Boutouyrie, P., Burger, D., Chirinos, J. A., ... & Lopez-Jaramillo, P. (2016). A call to action and a life-course strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension. The Lancet, 388(10060), 2665-2712. Retrieved from http://ecite.utas.edu.au/111684

Sweileh, W. M., Sa'ed, H. Z., Al-Jabi, S. W., & Sawalha, A. F. (2015). Public, environmental, and occupational health research...