Castration and Dehorning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXtSPj6XQLA&feature=youtu.be
Castration refers to the disruption of testicular function in male animals either by the removal of the testes or blockage of the sperm chords by applying force to collapse the walls of the vessels. On the other hand, dehorning is the process of removing horns after the formation of the horn bud while disbudding refers to the destruction of horn-producing cells of the horn bud.
The two methods are painful for the animal and put it at risk of sustaining injuries as well as the likelihood of physical and health complications. The reason as to why the above processes are carried out by most farmers is with the aim to improve the quality of meat and other products obtained from these farm animals. Another reason as to why castration and dehorning get practiced is as a result of space utilization in the rearing regions since in the case of dehorning the removal of the horns helps in space saving. Castration also allows for easier handling of the animals in that, castrated males become more docile and are less temperamental.
Free Range/Pasture Raised
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Rxuk6oLbIU&feature=youtu.be&hd=1
There are also specific implications that have been related to the free-range system and pasture raised methods of rearing cattle and poultry birds where individuals prefer free-range raised animal products.
The natural feeding patterns in the free-range system are believed to produce better quality products as compared to pasture reared farm animals where antibiotics and other agrochemicals are used for the control of parasites and animal disease - the free-range act advocates for the rearing of birds in a free space where they can access food and water. However, the mortality rates are expected to be higher in the free-range systems.
Animal Testing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xXRcwAdgXk&feature=youtu.be
Numerous ethical issues have arisen. As a result, questioning the legitimacy of the above processes as most animal rights activists view these practices to violate the animal's rights. The use of chemical anesthetics also leads to the sustenance of burns and may also predispose the animal to infections.
The pain inflicted on the animals has also been a cause of concern among the interested parties with some individuals arguing that the animals were born with the horns and should, therefore, be left to stay that way.
Steroid/Hormone Drug Use
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFUGM5K4zsE&t=
Initially, the farmers used drugs and other mendicants that were regulated by the FDA in controlled amounts thereby the risk of residue accumulation in the animal products that could pose a threat to humans was controlled. Excessive use of the antibiotics and other steroids that support faster growth in the reared animal products to increase productivity have been proven to increase the likelihood of cancer and other related illnesses.
The farmers rearing the animals should refrain from making monetary gains at the expense of the consumer Thompson, P. B. (2008). Use of antibiotics and other steroids have also been proven to have harmful health effects on the animals and also lowers their immunity status. Regulations should therefore be applied to ensure the proper use of these agrochemicals.
References
Thompson, P. B. (2008). Agricultural ethics: research, teaching, and public policy. Iowa State University Press.
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