Treaty of Amiens and Treaty of Tilsit Essay Example

Introduction

Treaty of Amiens was signed at Amiens (March 27, 1802) by France, Britain, Spain, and Netherlands (Batavian Republic) ending a prolonged war between Great Britain and France. The events leading to the treaty began in 1793 when several European countries combated the French revolution spreading with aggression to put it off (Presseisen, 2012). France signed a shaky peace agreement in 1797 with Austria forming the first coalition, but remained at war with Britain. Due to its drive to acquire more territory and interest in disrupting Britain's trade, France resumed battle in Italy slipping through into Egypt in 1798. As a result, Britain formed the second coalition with Austria, Russia, Turkey, Portugal, Prussia and Naples which planned an attack against France. Despite the formation of the second coalition, the French army led by Napoleon managed to push back and recapture Holland in 1799 from the British.

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France had a bigger population compared to Britain despite Britain's supremacy in the navy, which was significant factors and advantageous to the countries at war. Britain used its navy advantage to control the seas all over Europe creating a problem for other countries as they were losing economically. This led to the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality to protect the countries affected and reopening trade with France (Presseisen, 2012). Among the states in this union were Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. The league fell apart when Britain retaliated by destroying ships and shoreline defenses of the respective countries leading to Denmark surrender. Interest in concentrating on economic development by both British leadership and France's Napoleon led to the Treaty of Amiens. This resulted from the exhaustive warfare that were a distraction to national economic development in both countries.

Treaty of Tilsit

Treaty of Tilsit involved two treaties signed at different times and with various parties. The first one included the peace agreement at Tilsit (July 7th, 1807) between France (Napoleon) and Russia (Alexander I) (Rasor, 2004). The second treaty involved the peace agreement between France and Prussia (July 9th, 1807). These treaties came to be after the collapse of the Peace of Amiens involving both France and Britain. In early 1807, Napoleon the France Empire controlled continental Western Europe. Austria being a neutral power, refused to join in the war against France, and with the little diversion mounted by the British government on France stability, Alexander I the Russian Empire lost interest in fighting the dominant French. Napoleon finally inflicted defeat on the Russians leading Alexander to opt for a new foreign policy that would ensure peaceful relations with other countries. It is in this regard that the leadership of France and Russia formulated a team to spearhead peace talks with the shared interest in ending the state of wars across the nations.

The treaty between France and the Prussia (Italy) was made at Tilsit on July 9th, 1807. The leadership of both countries had the desire to end the chain of war calamities between the two countries (Rasor, 2004). Both Treaties done at the Tilsit shared a conjoined set of articles agreed upon in guarding the agreements between the countries involved. The articles of the treaty stressed on the importance of maintaining perfect peace and unity, ceasing of hostilities with an immediate effect between the countries, restoration of all warships to their respective country of origin, restoration of grabbed provinces to their respective countries among others in the 29 articles agreed on. The agreement of peaceful relations at Tilsit favored Napoleon in that, all the nations involved in the treaty championed his interest in overriding Britain's effects of their naval control by sabotaging the British economic progress.

Bank of France

Bank of France is France's central bank linked financially to the Central Bank of Europe. It was among institutions that benefited as a result of the peace treaties signed by France with the various countries. It was created and initiated by Napoleon Bonaparte on January 18th, 1800, to bolster France's economy after the revolutionary period (Atkin, Biddiss & Tallett, 2011). Bank of France has its headquarters in Paris and was mainly funded by the state during its inception, with additional majority funding from private capital. Initially, the bank could only issue notes to Paris residents, a privilege granted for the first 15 years and only later were they authorized to issue the rest of France's citizens with the same. The bank was privatized in 1993 mainly to integrate from francs to the Euros currency, which was made France's currency in 1999.

Bank of France is tasked with the responsibility of formulating monetary and credit policies hence can impose sanctions on any person infringing in the running of the bank affairs and the banking sector directly affecting it. In the bank's mission, it is stated that the Bank of France is the pillar of the euro system. The euro system was created by the Central Bank of Europe as well as the banks within Europe. The Banks main missions include financial stability, monetary strategy and provision of economic services to the society. This bank has indeed shown stability through the waves of economic hardships especially during the revolutionary period and has sustained positive progress in the monetary transactions over time.

References

Atkin, N., Biddiss, M., & Tallett, F. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. Somerset: Wiley.

Presseisen, E. L. (2012). Amiens and Munich: Comparisons in appeasement. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

Rasor, E. L. (2004). English/British naval history to 1815: A guide to the literature. Westport, Conn: Praeger.