Thesis Example on the Relationship Between Migration and Unemployment among Migrants in Sweden

Abstract

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Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between migration and unemployment among migrants in Sweden, using available resources to inform the audience about the true effects of recent increases in migration. The secondary understanding is to determine how immigration leads to changes in the social factors, which then affect balance of frameworks in the modern society.

Methods

The research applies three important sections, a literature review, a study design and a study in order to create a perfect understanding of the relationship between migration and unemployment. A number of recent studies were explored in the literature review, which will terminate by showing the uniqueness of the research. The termination is at the end of the section. A quantitative survey was proposed because it guided in the proper constructing of the data mining process. Data was mined from statistikdatabasen.scb.se and stativ.com, which provided updated information on various indicators that were associated with migration and unemployment in Sweden. Data was mainly on immigration, unemployment, economic performance, standards of living and poverty.

Results

From the 10 questions under investigation, it was noted that over the 9 million people living in Sweden, 1.7 were foreign born. With a standard deviation of 1.5, it was noted that migration does have a negative impact on the economy. The data indicated a heavy >3 risk factor if the current immigration trends continue unlimited. Although there were no directly related cases, it was noted that the government has resulted to borrowing instead of taxation in order to meet budgetary expectations. There were also findings showing that close to 38 percent of immigrants are currently unemployed against a general percentage of 7 percent of all unemployed people. There was also findings indicating that close to 17 percent of immigrants were living in poverty, as well these immigrants are faced with the challenge of housing and rent.

Conclusion

It was established that failing immigration policies, for instance regulation of border control and licensing was a major factor that led to the heavy immigration to Sweden. Although most results were hyperbolic, it was clear that the migration trends tend to overtake resource endowment, hence Sweden is slowly becoming incapacitated. Hence, in the future, there should be more regulation on immigration, for instance adopting a minimum threshold on the number of immigrants allowed in the country.

Contents

Abstract 2
Purpose 2
Methods 2
Results 2
Conclusion 2
Chapter One: Introduction 7
1.1 Prologue 7
1.1.1 Thesis Statement 7
1.2 Background 7
1.3 Case Analysis 9
1.3.1 Historical Overview of Immigration in Sweden 9
1.3.2 Past 2000s 9
1.3.3 Why the Eurozone 10
1.4 Problem Statement 12
1.5 Hypothesis 12
1.6 Limitations and Delimitations 12
1.6.1 Purpose and Limitations 12
1.6.2 Target Group 13
1.6.3 Delimitation 13
Chapter Two: Literature Review 15
2.1 Synopsis 15
2.2 Theoretical Framework 15
2.2.1 Migration system theory 15
2.2.2 Globalization theory 16
2.2.3 Push and Pull theory 16
2.3. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) 16
2.4. Immigration, Unemployment and National Capital 17
2.5. Heterogeneous Model of the Labor Market 17
2.6. Immigration in the Long-run 19
2.7. Characteristics of Immigration Flow 19
2.8 Literature Gap 20
Chapter Three: Research Design 21
3.1 Introduction 21
3.2 Research Methodology 21
3:2:1 Quantitative Approach 21
3.3 Hypothesis 22
3.4 Sample and Method for Quantitative Analysis 22
3.5 Data Collection 23
3.6 Sampling 24
3.7 Research Audience 24
3.8 Criticism of the Research Methods 24
3.9 Reliability of Research 25
Chapter 4: Results and Discussions 26
4.1 Introduction 26
4.2 Migration 31
4.3 Employment Status of Foreigners 33
4.4 Impact of Immigrants to Household 35
4.5 General Unemployment 39
4.6 Changes in Investments 42
4.7 National Debt 45
4.8 Exports vs. Imports 48
4.9 Income vs. Consumption 51
4.9.1 Changes in Renting 51
4.9.2 Changes in Housing Units 56
4.9.3 Changes in Wages 59
4.10 Poverty Indices 62
4:11 Summaries 65
5.0 Conclusion 66
5.1 Recommendations 67
5.1.1 Improving foreigners Labor Standards 67
5.1.2 Uniformity of employment policies 67
5.1.3 Increasing employment opportunities 67
5.1.4 Developing schemes to address social challenges 68
References 69

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Prologue

The study will explore the changes in social, economic and political factors have that led to high numbers of migrants in the country, precisely focusing on the related effects of the increase in number of immigrants in the state of Sweden. To have a deeper understanding of Sweden, there is first the examination of history of the country with a reflection on how the country has had influx of migrants in the country. Next, the paper evaluates the role of policies in encouraging migration in Sweden where much thought is placed on programs that government put forth to help immigrants to settle and assimilate with the natives of Sweden. There is also the evaluation of how such programs increase the numbers of immigrants in the population. Finally, the paper highlights effects of migration on the economy; precisely focusing on how changing economic situations affects immigrants in the society. Investigating the issue calls for the use of quantitative data in Sweden where there will be the use of analyses of relevant data. Despite the fears of the population, available sources of data literature prove that there is no direct and significant relation between the rate of immigration and the rate of unemployment in Sweden only that a one year lagged immigration rate had a significance level of 6 percent. Another issue that proves to be of no significance is the control variables for supply of labor in Sweden.

1.1.1 Thesis Statement

The inability of the Swedish government and support institutions to recognize the silent negative impact of immigrants in the country, is creating a divergent situation for the country because more immigrants are experiencing unfair wage terms, high unemployment, poverty, lack of insurance and rejection, while combined these situations might lead to another Swedish xenophobia.

1.2 Background

Since the end of the Second World War, the population of Sweden has changed fundamentally from being homogeneous to heterogeneous. Two key factors have contributed to Sweden's rise as a heterogeneous society. The first one is the influx of migrant workers from the European Union (EU) countries and this has resulted due to the creation of a common European market and allowed free movement of people and capital across borders among the member countries. Accordingly, tens of thousands of workers have migrated to Sweden in search of employment opportunities. The second factor is Sweden's policy of welcoming refugees (Grujicic, 2013). Since the 1940s, Sweden has been a haven for refugees escaping wars, conflicts and other vulnerabilities in their home countries. For example, the ongoing civil war in Syria has forced many people to flee to several European countries where most have moved to Sweden.

Today, Sweden is home to a large number of immigrants; migrant workers, refugees and other groups. The immigrants not only account for a significant share of Swedens population but also have had a major impact on the countrys economy especially the labor market. Due to Swedens relatively small total population and high rate of economic development, immigration is seen as a desirable phenomenon that causes a positive impact on the labor market. As the countrys baby-boomer generation retires from the workforce and only a small population of young people joins the labor market, immigration is expected to be an alternative source of labor for Sweden. However, research indicates that migration does not necessarily result in increased employment prospects for migrants. In fact, migrants record the highest unemployment rate in many countries (Jennissen, 2000). In Sweden, the labor market situation for the whole population has improved significantly since 2000. Employment rates have increased considerably, an indication that immigration has not had any major negative impact on the economy. However, there are wide inequalities between Swedish nationals and immigrants.

In the determination of the degree of unemployment created by foreigners, there is a need to calculate the rate of foreign-born unemployment. Foreign-born unemployment is the share of unemployed foreigners between the ages of 15 and 64 years of age and has been in constant search of employment opportunities within foreign-born labor force. The foreign-born labor force is the total number of both the employed and unemployed foreigners in other countries and is of ages between the ages of 15 and 24 years of age. In the designation of unemployed people in the society, they are the people that acknowledge that they do not have any work and have made necessary steps in search of work in the four weeks preceding the interview. Immigrants are highly probable to becoming unemployed mostly in European countries and this is evident in the high numbers of unemployed foreigners in such countries. Europe has traditionally been receiving high numbers of foreigners and has led to the increase in the rates of unemployment in the continent.

It is evident that Sweden has been very instrumental in providing home to people that face social and political unrest in their countries leading to the increase in the number of foreigners in the country. The international community has appreciated the country for its interest in accepting refugees from countries that face various kinds of civil wars where the most recent one was in Syria. The generosity that the country extends to immigrants and integration programs that country rolls out help in assimilation of foreigners and promotion of cohesion between the natives and the foreigners is an effort to be appreciated. Despite the efforts that Sweden make in promoting integration between locals and immigrants, there have been challenge...