Sir Isaac Newton & Leibniz: Pioneers of Calculus & Contributions to Science

Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, widely known mathematicians, are the influential authors behind the existence of calculus. Their fundamental goal in astronomy was to prove the importance of calculus and to contribute majorly to the scientific field. This paper presents two widely known Mathematicians of all time who discovered and brought to existence calculus, a mathematical discipline, and the various contributions they made in the field of science as well.

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Sir Isaac Newton

Origin and background

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 04th, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, in the United Kingdom. He was a widely known Mathematicians and an influential astronomer. Sir Newton majorly based his work on scientific revolutions (Anil 32). He is known to be the father of calculus among other Mathematicians. He stayed behind with his grandparents when his mother left for her new husband's residence, where she was remarried after the death of his father. She later returned to her initial matrimonial home with three children after the death of Smith.

Academic Achievements and his Contributions

While Isaac stayed back with his grandparents, he learned how to read and write with their help since they were literate and understood the way of formal education. After two years later, Isaac Newton attended a boarding school in Grantham. He managed between schooling and cultivating his grandparents' piece of land. However, he did not perform so well. In 1661, he joined Trinity College after persuasion from his uncle, who wanted him successful. Years passed, and he advanced in his academic work. Isaac Newton started developing interests in reading and finding new ideas that books had to offer. Isaac began performing in Mathematics, where he held a higher position and received his Bachelor of Arts.

He had also completed a number of his treatise length account of the calculus. However, he found no one to finance his publications. The failure of publishing them made him relent and divert his focus in calculus for quite some time. Nevertheless, that did not divert his attention in Mathematics. He registered in algebraic concerns, where he embarked on reviewing classical texts in geometry.

He later became famous with geometry works and optics in which he submitted his materials that were read before the high Royal Society. Newton did his first publication, 'Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.' It resulted in four years of exchange with different icons of that era who challenged his stipulations (Daniel 1).

Before the thought of isolating himself came into Newton's mind, he had interacted with the most famous Mathematicians concerning the exchanges. He started becoming more private with his life. In that period, he carried out various research in alchemy and theology as well. He contributed to Chemistry in 1669 by buying chemical apparatus and treatise. And as for theology, he took part in the study of doctrines under the central Roman and Anglican churches where he later fellowshipped.

Another contribution is seen in astronomy, where Isaac Newton showed some interest in orbital astronomy. It's in this period that Hooke introduced a brief relation with Isaac in the effort to obtain materials for the royal society. Hooke's proposal was the query of a body subjected to inverse-square central force. Newton proved his understanding of the challenging proposal by discovering the relationship that exists between C-section trajectories and inverse-square central forces. Later in 1684, he made fulfillment of his commitments by submitting his complete manuscript, which earned him fame in the records of the Royal Society of UK. He later concentrated on lines of research, which was mathematically based. His fame spread from one country to the other, with his publications being bought widely.

Politically, Newton contributed to various positions. He held a view of the Warden of the Mint with his roles cascading down to serving as a loyal individual at the same time a leader. He became Master of the Mint and later on represented Cambridge University in parliamentary seating and hearing in 1701. Two years later, Isaac Newton was elected president of the Royal Society. In his final years, he became an impending figure of authority in London, where he had a face to face interaction with individuals of power over the rest of his life.

Gottfried Leibniz

Origin and Background

Gottfried Leibniz was born on July 1st, 1646, in Germany. His father passed on, leaving him at the age of six years. He had lots of books since his father loved reading. He attended a school where he was taught Latin. Later on, he strived to advance in Latin and Greek to be able to read his father's books. The books were metaphysics and theology. Gottfried Leibniz's life took a scientific direction after attaining his Bachelor's degree in philosophy and doctorate in law alongside its Bachelor's degree.

Scientific Contribution

He went to Paris, where he came into contact with science and started studying Mathematics. The journey of discovering calculus began. There was a mixed feeling between Newton and Leibniz on whose discovery was calculus. The reluctance of Newton in publishing his work, calculus become Leibniz's strength, where he went ahead and published his first paper based on differential calculus (Wilhelm 5). His main aim was to have the ability to reduce unnecessary reasoning and too many mathematical elements and narrow it down to some comprehensive formulas that could be easily understood.

Similarities of Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz

From the above discussions, right from birth, the two Mathematicians seem to have originated from a humble background with single parenthood. The single parent is a mother.

In light of their educational background, both Newton and Leibniz struggled with the education system, where they almost lost interest and hope in learning. They both started from different disciplines and later caught up with the trend of scientific training. I.e., Leibniz began to as philosopher when Newton was in theology. Mathematics later became their line of interest after several countless years in the field of science and orbital astrology.

The accomplishment of the two Mathematicians

Newton, before his death on 20th March 1727, discovered various disciplines in Science such as Calculus and Notation in mathematics, optics in Physics and orbital, and C-section in geography. Newton aimed at being in the top position in the books of records and positions in the government, which some he achieved, and others became fate.

Gottfried Leibniz, on the other hand, aimed at reducing all reasoning and discoveries and centralizing everything into simple, comprehensive Mathematical concepts. He contributed to publishing the first paper on Newton's discovery, calculus. Nonetheless, he also had his inventions, which he made during his scientific study and findings.

Work Cited

Ananthaswamy, Anil. "From counting with stones to artificial intelligence: the story of calculus." Nature 568.7750 (2019): 32-33.Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA581061453&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00280836&p=AONE&sw=wNewton, Isaac, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. "1.1 Ancient." Retrieved from https://www.waybuilder.net/free-ed/Resources/09%20Mathematics/Calculus.pdf

Kaplan, Abram, Daniel. The Myth of Greek Algebra: Progress and Community in Early-Modern Mathematics. Diss. Columbia University, 2018. Retrieved from https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8V99S0T