Schizophrenia & Time Perception: Research Paper

Many studies conducted on a schizophrenic patient in a meta-analysis demonstrate a perception of time which is related to the necessary temporal information whose acceleration and time precision show a positive symptom. The mistiming of information comes up when timing investigation is carried on to patients with schizophrenia, which is not a random error but a clear association between time perception and people with schizophrenia. When carrying out the meta-analysis, the results show that there is a small degree of heterogeneity in all the study cases conducted. For over 65 years, the meta-study on differentiation temporal tasks, which also consists of simultaneous temporal judgment, detection of gaps in temporal tasks, time estimation, production, reproduction, and discrimination in the duration of temporal tasks (Balsam et al. 2012). One of the attributes of time perception which is time estimation is more prevalent among the outpatients with severe symptoms were also positive with the condition.

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The accelerated concept of time perception shows a consistent pattern in the meta-analysis conducted on over 1000 schizophrenic patients over the last 65 years (Hetrick et al.2008). Moreover, the studies from these patients show the similarities in behavioral measures which is represented in another aspect of temporal performance which clearly demonstrates the between-group indexing differences which might be accurate depending on the deviation of the signal of the judgment from the veridical value in a given duration or precision which may vary depending on the sensitivity of the discriminatory tasks based on the decisions at hand. Additionally, the accelerated time concept might trigger hypervigilance, which is a definite general symptom that arises from the meta-analysis (Hetrick et al. 2008). The exaggeration of the attention to external stimuli portrays hypervigilance as a mental state. In many consistent studies, hypervigilance has played a critical role in establishing a relationship between dysregulation of the internal clock with the positive symptoms, and as a result, health control expert had to mediate between the two different mental events on these patients.

Most studies found an interesting fact which shows a clear result in both the necessary temporal time processing and time perception, which is dependent to specific temporal tasks in the stated interval duration in most the schizophrenic patients (Balsam et al. 2012). Also, there were the effects of schizophrenia, which affected the accuracy of the time perception instead of the small task-dependent. The results of the studies show the theoretical assumption which is present in the mistime information transfer while considering other variables like internal clocks in schizophrenia patients without considering the schizophrenia effects on the speed of the clock.

There have been many suggestions to the causes of positive psychotic symptoms from the altered DA transmission with several psychiatric illnesses, and schizophrenia is one of them. The discussion of the results shows that the speed of the internal clock could be regulated as well as the transmission of the DA (Hetrick et al. 2008). Furthermore, there is a possibility of the dysregulation of the DA transmission activities, which might result in the production of positive symptoms through the modulation of the internal clock; therefore, further investigation needs to carry on.

There is a need to further the research whereby the degree of impairments in temporal precision might be a result of processes from the unspecified clock which include general cognitive shortcomings in schizophrenia. And the investigation should accommodate all the pneumatological experiments which are geared towards understanding more about the temporal distortions in a patient with schizophrenia (Balsam et al. 2012).

References

Carroll, C. A., Boggs, J., O'Donnell, B. F., Shekhar, A., & Hetrick, W. P. (2008). Temporal processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. Brain and cognition, 67(2), 150-161.

Ward, R. D., Kellendonk, C., Kandel, E. R., & Balsam, P. D. (2012). Timing as a window on cognition in schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology, 62(3), 1175-1181.