Research Paper on Migration: Causes, Outcomes, and Challenges in the Modern World

Introduction

In the current world, emigration, and immigration which are both forms of movement into and out of countries, a lot of people have moved to other parts of the world instead of staying in their native lands. The movement or rather the migration of the people are always under the instigation by a good number of factors which range from personal through social all the way to political and economic factors within and outside a particular region. There are results or outcomes which are associated with the migration of the various people from their countries to other countries whether those near to their own homelands or those that are far from them.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

The effect/ outcomes mentioned above are most of the times the negative effects of migration from and into countries. The view of Karl Marx on the issue of migration is on the basis of the general outcomes which are connected to all the kinds of migration that take place in people. However, the focus of Marx in his analysis of this issue of migration is on the negative results which come with migration and how they affect the lives and daily operations of the people (Wilson et al., 2019). From the understanding of the life of Karl Marx, he is also a refugee and had been a refugee for a very long time. His arguments just come to support and prove what he had gone through and experienced throughout his life as a refugee in many countries. He had been a refugee in countries like India, and Europe among many other places around the world.

Discussion

Internationally or nationally, the impacts of migration seem to affect the operations of the countries where it takes place in a big way. According to Marx, these problems which are associated with migration keep on intensifying with time until it comes a time when the impacts of such cannot be controlled. The reasons as to why these effects get to a point of no control are because, in the first place, when migration begins, it rarely stops so it becomes a continuous process not unless very serious restrictions are set up to control it ("MR Online | Reading Marx on migration", 2019). Marx proves that when migration whether immigration or emigration begins in any particular country, the flow of it continues and brings with it serious impacts that are hard to counter. The impacts are difficult to control because, by the time they are realized, they are already so much into changing everything.

The main argument and basis of the analysis of Marx are on the working of the people in the emigrant or immigrant countries. In other words, he greatly focuses on the labor and wages provided by people who migrate at the time when they are in their own countries or when they are in the new countries. Marx uses this point of view in his analysis in order to foster a deep understanding of all the bad vices that are connected to migration of any kind not unless it is due to positive reasons. There are both the push and pull factors that contribute to migrations of all types ("MR Online | Reading Marx on migration", 2019). The pull factors by definition refer to those factors that attract and motivate people to migrate from their countries to other countries. Push factors are on the other hand those particular factors that force people to move out of their countries to other countries.

Pull and Push Factors of Migration

As stated earlier, there are both the push and pull factors that influence and or contribute to the migration of people whether they migrate from rural to urban areas or from urban to the rural areas today. The push factors refer to all those aspects that make the situation unbearable and the people have to make the decision to move to other areas where they feel that they would fit and live comfortably (Wilson et al., 2019). In Karl Marx's analysis of the role of migration in the present world, what necessitate migration of people from their areas to other areas are mainly the push factors.

Some good examples of the push factors that make people move from their current places to other places include the following;

Competition for the Available Jobs

Most people depend on employment for them to lead their lives well in the places they live in. However, the problem comes in when a lot of people are seeking to offer labor and get paid while the only available positions requiring labor are very few. This way, it becomes hard for all these people to sustain their lives with the shared jobs and wages they get from the people who employ them (Lambkin, 2014). Therefore as a result of this, the only valid solution that greatly does away with this problem is the migration of some people to the areas where they feel that the competition for the jobs and wages is low. Actually, many people who move from the countries of their own origin to live in other countries out there do so because of the fact that they are striving to achieve and or attain better standards of living.

They want to live in places where there are fewer people competing for the resources and jobs available. This way, there is a decrease in job competition and in turn an increase in the wages in the meantime. Additionally, there are people who move or rather migrate from their own countries into others because of the fact that they have no little access to opportunities or wages back in their countries. (Lambkin, 2014). They then prefer to get away from those countries and stay in places where they may be in a position to be considered for labor provision in exchange for the wages given to them. Extreme levels of poverty and lack of educational qualifications are some of the main factors that would contribute to the lack of access to opportunities by the immigrants as stated above.

Better Wages for Labor in Outside Countries

The other factor which seems to resemble that of competition for jobs and wages in the countries where people move from is the seek for better wages. This means that the jobs that the people want to offer labor for may be available back in their places but the wages are always poor. All people strive as much as they can to have those opportunities that give them the best outcome in terms of wages or profits realized (Wilson et al., 2019). As a result of this, people are always at the forefront to seize the opportunities that give them the best wages even if they are available far from their own countries. In the present day, a lot of people are getting out of their places and or countries as a result of this.

As of Marx in his analysis of this as a push factor, these people are forced by their desires to have good earnings to move and start new lives in new areas. There are so many impacts which are connected to the above two push factors. There should be a proper understanding that all the people have the desire to migrate to places that offer them the best they want in terms of better jobs and wages in return for their service (SeungWookBaek, 2008). The incredible thing is that in the case of migration, a lot of people tend to move to the best places which are perceived to give the best pay on labor. This kind of movement is not restricted and therefore upon the migration of a large number of people to a specific country, for example, Europe in search for better wages for their labor, the competition for the same wages and the available opportunities also intensifies.

Therefore, there is a great impact and dependency of these factors in that one factor affects another in either a positive or negative way. On the other hand, the places where the people left due to the fact that there were few jobs and low wages begin enjoying. This means that upon the migration of people from a certain place, there is a reduction of competition for labor, resources and a result, the people who have remained to offer labor get to enjoy increased wages and other profits in that line. All this impact is because of the lack of a balance between the factors that affect the migration of people ("MR Online | Reading Marx on migration", 2019). In other words, there is a lack of a balance between what the people in various places really want and what they can get. Some countries tend to have more than others and this level of access to what the people want keeps on fluctuating constantly with time and as migration in the form of emigration and immigration intensifies.

Better Environments for Business

There are those people who do business as their way of generating income throughout their lifetime. All that these particular individuals want is to have their businesses set in the best environments where they will realize the highest profits ever. Therefore with this necessity, moving or rather migrating from the areas they have been operating from to other places which offer the most favorable conditions for the success of their businesses (Svensson, 2019) is not a big deal. This means that one may not want to have left the places they lived in or rather their native lands for any other reason but for the sake of the success of their businesses they do. Most immigrants in the most developed countries of the world are perceived to have migrated from their native homelands with the main aim being an investment in the best environments so as to get the best performance from their businesses.

The above factor may act as both a push and pull factor depending on the kind of migration under the scope. In the event of emigration which involves migration out of a country to another, it proves to be a push factor. On the other hand, when the migration that is being practiced in this case is immigration, the look for a better environment may be a pull factor that will attract an individual and persuade them to move into a specific nation. The Pull Factors

According to the analysis of Karl Marx on the issue of migration across all the dimensions of emigration and immigration, there are some certain factors that attract people and make them come up with decisions of immigration into other countries (Svensson, 2019). These pull factors are always attributed to the positive impact on the lives of the immigrants. They include some like the following;

Growth of Industrialization

People are so much attracted to other countries out there because of the continuous growth of the level of industrialization. The growth of industrialization and industrial revolution generally in a certain country means that there are opportunities opened up for the people. People are attracted to such places because they have the belief that they will seize the opportunities that have been opened by the industrialization ("MR Online | Reading Marx on migration", 2019). This is the basic reasons as to why there has been a lot of immigration into the countries which are developing fast. Most of the immigrants come from the countries that are less developed and or less industrialized to those that have attained a high level of industrialization.

Industrialization above all other things means an improvement in the standards of living of the people living in that particular country. There are those people who will always want to live in places where the standards of living are high and keep on improving from time to time. As a pull factor, therefore, intensified industrialization and improvement of the living standards within that region fosters more and more instances of immigration into those particular areas (Svensson, 2019). The easy access to resources for other industries and businesses also makes people get motivated to move from their native places to live in other places where they can have easy and cheap access to the resources they want at any time they may wish. The less developed economies at the present day have been left with lesser people as most of the people move to the economies that are developing in terms of...