Paper Example on Mental Health Challenge Among Pakistani Population

Introduction

In the milieu of overall negligence for health by the Pakistan government, research reveals that mental health embodies a region of enormous inattention. The actual magnitude of this challenge is unknown however the media regularly published reports issuing clear-cut statistics scaling from 24 to 46% of the Pakistani populace that requires mental medical care (Rahman et al., 2014). In examining the universal circumstance for psychological health, Kapadia et al., 2015, argued that "the problem of at least certain of the majorly common psychological ailments in exactly those communities which have the most severely insufficient mental medical care" and this is accurate for Pakistan. The emergence of heroin addiction in the late 1980s best illustrates the system's lack of prepared and organized reaction to a mental health problem (Atif et al., 2016). This situation attained an epidemic proportion when the figure of heroin addicts augmented by 45% from 1885 to 1987 and currently approximated to reach 4 million users (Rahman et al., 2014). There exists no suitable approach to handling the challenge of the drug misusers apart from the segregation of the addicts. This makes them perceived as the neglected portion of the community hence diminishing the addict's self-esteem thus undergoing severe the psychological frustration (Rahman et al., 2014).

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The Pakistani citizens express their deep frustration regarding the current situation among other multiple difficulties such as load shedding, inflation, unemployment, and terrorism. Moreover, the figures of the mental health illnesses in the country continues to increase each day; even the government pay minimal attention to the situation (Ahmad, 2015). Also, the citizens from low-income families do not get the essential and necessary primary health facilities, watching their relatives die hence gravely impacting on the psychological health which means that they require a mental health practitioner at an affordable price because they cannot afford the costly treatment. Regrettably, the mental health care in Pakistani is not established as its still at the initiation phase in respect to the civic health segment which leads to the extensive physiological illness in the victims since they do not obtain the proper treatment hence affecting their personalities, working capacities and ultimately the development of the Pakistan Nation (Ahmad, 2015).

The government, however, created separate departments of psychiatry within the necessary tutoring health facilities in the country. However, most of them are inadequately equipped concerning the social psychiatry resources both regarding the number of the mental health professionals and the set skills (Kapadia et al., 2015). The country's psychiatrist is insufficient in number and overtime, the qualified and trained psychiatrist relocate to the developed states since an attractive lifestyle and package gets offered to them, and this makes it's obligatory to ask the fundamental question of who then gets to return to their homeland to pay service to the country? Studies indicate that many of the Pakistani psychiatrists practice their expertise in countries like United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Unites States, Middle East and South East Asia (Wood, 2014). This makes it a significant problem for the government since research further shows that Pakistan will shortly become a psychoanalyst exporting zone similar to countries like India. This detrimentally worsens the present situation by causing more difficulties to the already prevailing shortage of therapists in the nation (Chisholm et al., 2016). College and university pupils are minimally interested in the field of therapy because of the insufficiency of the training or tutoring programs (Rahman et al., 2014). Considering the postgraduate education, there exist few acknowledged institutions which adhere to the structured programs that stress on the appropriateness of a patient revelation and introduction to subspecialties such as rehabilitation, forensic, geriatric and child psychiatry.

Another major challenge in this field is getting clients to admit that they are in need of medical support since most patients deny the fact that their psychological condition requires immediate medical attention (Kapadia et al., 2015). The acceptance that one requires assistance is a crucial initial stage on the course to recovery within the mental health field. According to the Pakistani culture, people have the misconception that patients diagnosed to have mental illness cannot have proper lives and hence no need for treatment, however, this is not accurate (Rahman et al., 2014). The government regrettably spends less than 1% of its Gross National Product on medical care meant for the public segment (Kapadia et al., 2015). Comparing this to other nations, Pakistan government registers the lowest and worst medical expenditure in the civil sector globally. This calls for the need to establish

Research Method Strategies

Evidence-Based Studies

Keywords: growth, infant, post-natal depression, mothers, nutrition disorders, mental health

Rahman et al., 2014 utilized medical-based case-control research with a figure of 171 successive newborns as well as their mothers who attended the 90 days measles immunization program. Approximately, 82 malnourished newborns with a weight for age under the Nationwide Center for Health estimates or the World Health Organization third centile got compared with the 90 control sample which registered weight for generation above the 10th centile. The newborn's mothers got interviewed for psychological distress through the application of a Personal-Reporting Questionnaire (World Health Organization PRQ-20, which is a psychoanalyst testing equipment. The newborn's exposure to maternal distress with a score of equal to or above ten on the PRQ-20 machine as well as various protective social, biological family and socio-economic aspects and the potential risks involved got measured.

Keywords: mental health services, stigma, social support, ethnic minorities, Pakistani

Kapadia et al., 2015, carried out a review which was inclusive of bothquantitative and qualitative research explorations. The study did not involve the exclusion of diversified-technique research however there existed not any mixed-technique research which the authors perceived as of adequate quality for inclusion. Appraisals integrating both qualitative and quantitative analysis presently grow to be more extensively utilized however for this study, a thematically analyzed data in the boundary of all the research hypothesis and question guided the approach used for this review. The appraisalintended to elucidate the psychological health use degrees for the Pakistani ladies and determine if societalsystems form part of the support pursuance procedures.

Non-Evidence Based Studies

Keywords: Mental health, Neonatal, and Birth weight, postnatal and antenatal mental health

Ahmad, 2015, implemented a potential cohort study design to subsequently register 624 expectant ladies of the age between 15 to 49 years (twenty to twenty four weeks expectant, while considering the late pregnancy enrolment with the Health personnel women), with ladies and their infants traced until 4 weeks (to capture the neonatal duration) after the pregnancy conclusion during 2015 July to 2016 May. The information gathering involved three responses with every infant and their mother within their families by twenty-five public based health staff as well as from the primary medical care reports. Several pilot-research precise questionnaires, personal-reported questionnaires, and Edinburgh Perinatal despair scale got utilized to obtain facts regarding the previous obstetrical account, the application of postnatal and antenatal care provisions, current and natal care encounters, prenatal and postnatal mental health, neonatal and birth weight. Computerization of the study data involved the use of EPi figures 6.05 type descriptive (standard deviations, means, proportions, and frequencies) and software as well as logistic recession examination through the application of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17.0 software variety.

Keywords: Mental health, De-stigmatizing, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Psychotherapy

Wood, 2014, considered several methodologies for this research encompassing the Grounded theoretical framework for the study with an aim to establish descriptive theories of basic social procedures analyzed within the environment that they occur. Also, the study utilized a phenomenological assessment that focused on individual denotation creation by persons in a specific context and with a collective encounter. The study's technique of data gathering involved a semi-designed interview. The method was the most suitable since it permitted the enablement of the conversation concerning the subject of concern while at the same time permitting the study subjects to reveal their account and discussion over what was substantial in their opinion. This corresponds to the study aim of allowing the research subject's view get recognition of their encounters with mental illnesses

Suggested Recommendations for Refining the Public Medical Care Structure in Pakistan

The psychological health circumstance within Pakistan demands demandingattention from various stakeholders who comprise of the professionals, policy makers and academicians who work in the field of mental health to evaluate the prevailing policies as well as work for the incorporated psychologicalhealth policy of the country.

For instance, the Pakistani medical professionals should get involved in the trade of saving the country's citizen lives and not take them for granted, and this is attainable upon the enactment of strict rules by the Pakistani legislature. The law should determine if a medical practitioner is sufficiently proficient in working in the medical facilities. Upon the realization of any severe case involving a medical professional, then he or she should get a suspension for a particular duration. Laws safeguarding the doctors as revealed in the government health facilities which political parties put pressure or on the lives of the doctors should become established by the law.

Additionally, the Pakistani government must pay full attention to the alarming rates of the mental health illness in the country by ensuring quality regulation department in the health ministry to examine the quality of psychological health service provision across all the population, either rich or poor. The medical service given to the patients suffering from mental health must hence become subsidized so that even the impoverished populace may seek support from the country's best psychiatrists. Medical care, therefore, must form part of the profound Pakistani importance since it must function for the promotion of the public wellbeing. The Pakistani government can achieve this aspect through the proper funding and backing of health segment as well as scrutiny of the medical operations across all the government and private hospitals. This will ensure that each Pakistani citizen obtains access to laboratories, the medical facilities, and gadgets as well as the psychiatrist assistance necessary to help them recover from the associated mental illnesses.

However, despite the recommendations highlighted above, the stakeholders will face some of the current multi-faced, the multi-leveled hurdle of inadequacy due to the existence of insufficient assets obtainable at the correct zones or suitably allocated and at the right time to attain the mental requirements of the Pakistani populace. The scarcity of resources necessary to handle the psychological illness ceases in Pakistan relates with other challenges such as inade...