Paper Example on Managerial Roles: Decisional, Interpersonal, Informational

Introduction

A manager plays a very significant role in an organization. The roles of a manager are based on three things which have been classified as per the roles they play in the organization. These roles can be decisional roles, interpersonal roles or informational roles. Managers should be very careful when carrying out their roles since the entire organization depends on them especially in times of a crisis (Annah, 2013). They should make wise decisions that lead to the growth of the organization rather than failure.

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Interpersonal Roles

Managers play various interpersonal roles one of which include planning on the motivation of the staff, training of staff, and staffing. They provide leadership to the team and manage the performance and responsibility of everyone in the organisation. They should be the leading examples in the organization, so the other staff does the same. For example, during a crisis, the decision to cut off salary should first be embraced by the managers before the decision is transferred to every other staff in the organization.

Another role is to maintain relationships with external parties. Contact with external parties is achieved through the manager communicating with other contacts that relate to the organization. In addition to that, a manager should also engage with the individual within the organization (Annah, 2013). He should be ready to listen to the opinions and views of other people regarding the company. Relation with other parties is very important when it comes to solving a crisis as it helps make the decision looking into multiple alternatives.

Managers carry out a figurehead role, which entails performing symbolic duties in ceremonies, social events, and legal matters. Managers hold positions as leaders of organizations hence they should be leading examples and a source of inspiration; this enables the staff to respect the authority they have. In case of a crisis, the manager should explain the situation to the other staff and bring out clear information on the measures that the company intends to take to solve the problem.

Informational Roles

A manager is the spokesman of the organization. They are responsible for letting the staff and the public know about the plans, policies, strategies and results regarding certain issues in the company. They also provide information regarding the organization such as its goals and objectives to the people outside. A manager is a disseminator of information from source to source. They also interpret and integrate diverse perspectives (Hammond, 2006). They make sure that every staff and colleagues gets to learn about important information regarding the organization; this can be done through sending of emails or memos to the staff. A manager makes sure that the wellbeing of the organization is perfect by monitoring the organization activities. They seek and receive thorough information regarding the understanding of the organization and its environment. They make sure that the team is effective in its activities of production.

Decisional Roles

A manager looks in the outside of the company to understand more of its environments for example the competitors; this helps to implement new changes in the organization. The manager should be able to understand the setup of the organization, identify a problem and help in finding a solution. The manager should have good relations with both the people of the outside and the inside so as to help him carry out negotiation roles such as resource exchange. Managers also play the role of taking corrective action during crises and other conflicts. They should take charge when the organization has a problem (Hammond, 2006). The manager also plays the role of resource allocation. They provide funding and other resources to the organization as well as making or approving organizational decisions.

Skills of a Manager

A crisis is a part of every organization's growth. Managers must have specific skills to help them deal with a certain crisis when it comes

Interpersonal and communication skills

For managers to function effectively, they must have the ability to communicate and relate to others well. Managers get their job done through others who they manage; hence a manager should have good and strong communication and interpersonal skills to avoid communication breakdown between them and their staff. With this, in case of a crisis, the staff can trust the decision of the manager and work towards finding a solution.

Conceptual and decision skills

This is very important to help the manager to make sound decisions that will move the business forward. For an organization to be successful, the manager must be able to make and execute decisions.

Technical skills

The manager should be able to carry out all tasks of the organization. They must be able to employ and implement the latest technologies. They must be able to analyze problems and come up with solutions in case of a crisis in the organization. They should be able to identify roadblocks towards the success of the company and deal with it. In cases of conflict, the manager should be able to employ new measures to help solve it. For example, with globalization, meetings do not have to be physical but can be done through social media platforms.

Does the decision they do work for everyone in the organization?

The decision was not suitable for everyone in the organization. They would have involved all parties in the decision making to allow everyone to share their opinions.

How would you conduct a decision-making process at this difficult time?

Decision-making process

Decision making is part of the activities that every company; so as to help come up with decision strategies that bring clarity in case of confusion and crisis. The group involved in decision making must choose the final decision from other alternatives depending on the situation of the crisis (Hammond, 2006). The team involved in decision making should be able to come up with accurate strategies with an aim of producing maximum success (Ammeh, 2013). Decision making involves risk taking, hence the team involved should be ready to deal with ambiguity and threats. In making the decisions, the company should be ready to use the required funds and resources so as to make the chances of getting the right decision many; in most times however, the right way to make the best decisions is not clear for the company to a point that the leaders are not willing to use resources in decision making.

Stage 1: identifying and diagnosing the problem

This first stage entails describing the problem and the threats that the problem has posed to the organization. Leaders are obligated to make responsible decisions to keep the companies afloat amid the crisis.

The main problem facing the Airline is the downturn that is a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic has led to the ban on all international flights. Several flights have been canceled, leaving the Airline in a financially unstable state. The Airline was forced to suspend its operations, hence no revenue temporarily. The pandemic has affected all the employees of the organization. The management should engage all the employees in decision making. The idea of a salary cut, withdrawal of allowances, and the unpaid leave should be looked into, and decisions regarding this should include all parties to allow the employees to give out their opinions.

Stage 2: Generating alternative solutions

In this stage, the managers and those involved in decision making should come up with many alternatives to create a wide range in which the best decision will be made. The company may also put into consideration solutions that were used long ago. To come out of the pandemic stronger, companies should work on managing the effects clearly and passionately. First of all, it lets the company employees know about the company's turbulent position and together come up with ideas regarding the solutions they intend to put in place.

The kind of problem that the Airline is facing has not been experienced before there is no such pandemic that has occurred in recent years. The organization had no time to make permanent solutions, but they had the opportunity to come up with solutions that prevent the organization from collapsing due to bankruptcy. The organization should put across measures that prevent or minimize expenditure. For instance, for the Airline, they can cut off on advertisements.

Stage 3: Evaluating alternatives

This stage entails looking keenly into the different alternative decisions and coming up with the best decision. The group should look into the consequences of all the alternatives if implemented. The alternatives should be able to meet all the goals and objectives of the organization. The alternatives should be able to solve the problem by using the lowest cost and achieving the highest gain. The alternatives should be able to prioritize the goals of the company. Employers should clearly understand all the possible solutions as well as the current situation of the company.

Stage 4: Making the choice

In this stage, the group can choose a decision that realizes the best outcome, choose an acceptable decision, although no the best or choose to achieve the best possible balance among the goals. The choice made should be able to meet the goals of the company. For example, if the goal is to secure jobs and reduce the expenditure, both of these should be put into consideration. If the company chooses to cut on the salaries, then it should be shared pain where everyone gets a cut depending on their salary. For example, the managers should take the largest pay cut as a way of giving more energy to the rest of the staff for the company's sacrifice.

Stage 5: Implementing the decision

This is the most important part of decision making. To achieve this, the leaders should include their staff to explain the expectations and what they need to do for the setup strategies to yield positive results. Managers should also identify the threats that can occur during implementation as well as potential opportunities that could arise. The decisions that are implemented should be able to bring out the best results that are as a result of low cost.

Stage 6: Evaluating the decision

This is the last stage in the decision making process; the decisions made are put into action to look if they are able to come up with a solution for the problem or not. Decision making is the toughest as well as the riskiest job of an executive reason being there is no knowledge of the outcome until the decision is put to action. In this stage, decisions made may not be suitable to solve the problem especially when the right information was not collected and the alternatives were not clear. The team should make sure that the decisions made are able to add value to the organization, widen market share and improve the profitability (Obi, 2016)

Since all employees will be affected by the crisis, do you think that group decision making is the best decision for your company? Discuss.

I think group decision making will bring out the best results for the company since group decision making facilitates better and quality decisions. In this type of decision-making, the group must focus on the company's goals and objectives. The group must ensure that the decision is accepted by all the members of the group. While making the decision, the group members must be creative, and the process should not be dominated by a member of the group. Each member involved in decision making have their own abilities and skills that are different to those of others; this helps in coming up with decisions that are effective and strategies that enhance the performance of the organization...