Outline Assessment Proposal on Affordable Care Act: Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

The annotated bibliography below is a combination of a truncated list of referencing materials centered upon the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Entailed are publications that not only critique but also offer insight on the advantages accorded to the Affordable Care Act. Additionally, the books and articles ascertain the benefits the ACA has had on the American population while pointing out the various weaknesses that exist. ACA has been crucial to the society, the books and articles offer insight into what can be used to further affordability in the healthcare sector of all people. The used publications range from 2013-2018 with a primary aim of providing recent literature on the discussed subject. The selection has emphasized quality based on the credibility of the authors. Considering the proposal is a bill that complements the ACA, statistical data has also been included in the sources to reinforce and emphasize the credibility of the availed information.

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Beronio, K., Glied, S., & Frank, R. (2014). How the Affordable Care Act and Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act greatly expand coverage of behavioral health care. The journal of behavioral health services & research, 41(4), 410-428.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was aimed for expansion into covering mental health coupled with substance disorder to an estimated 60 million Americans. According to the three authors, the reasons for the increase are the benefits accorded to the Act concerning Mental Health Care and Substance Disorder services. States are offered flexibility in the development of Medicaid especially to those adults without children in the effort of ensuring supportive services are covered. The literature of this article further reveals that working together, the ACA and the Mental Parity Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) would work to improve the coverage to a whole new level. In light of this, the authors proposed that there should be a collaboration between the ACA and MHPAEA, as such would have beneficial impact to the United States citizenry.

Morrow, M., Stinson, S. R., & Doxey, M. M. (2017). Tax incentives and target demographics: Are tax incentives effective in the health insurance market? Behavioral Research in Accounting, 30(1), 75-98.

Personal income tax credits are used in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in surcharging to enforce health insurance coverage mandate. Such an incentive is hinged upon increased participation from youngsters who are not only healthy but have also voiced concerns about the increasing benefits of expected costs and mandated coverage. The article finds that most of the young individuals base their judgments upon scheduled insurance purchase as well as the perception of illness or injury occurring to them. It further notes that the tax incentives articulated in the ACA have offered an incentive to appreciate and motivate the young individuals; however, the effect is not bound to merely having the price reduced. In this regard, the authors of this article argue firmly that using young individuals in the taxation system would play a pivotal role in reducing the burden of financing the healthcare act.

Natelson, R. G. (2015). The Founders' Origination Clause and Implications for the Affordable Care Act. Harv. JL & Pub. Pol'y, 38, 629.

The article is one of the pioneering examinations that comprehensively analysis the Constitution's origination clause's legal force. Besides, it draws on both Founding-Era in both British and American legislative practices coupled with other sources. Concerning illustration, this author's findings are compared to the invalidated litigated claim on financial penalty failing to acquire individual health insurance as stipulated in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This article, however, concludes that the PPACS provisions and appropriations did not fit into the power according to the Senate. Important to note is that the author uses different sources in justifying the stand taken as well as offers recommendation and real-life failures and achievements to ensure validity and reliability in the availed work.

Plein, L. C. (2014). An uncertain federalism: The states and the Affordable Care Act. Journal of health and human services administration, 350-377.

This article starts by assessing the Affordable Care Act's implementation in the United States. By using state-level and analysis on a regional scale with the coordination of the ACA network responsible for the implementation process where researchers in 35 States were consulted, the article offers insight on the uncertainty in the policy as well as the political complexities in the implementation environment. It argues that one cannot comprehend the ACA without first recognizing the political climate around the policy as well as the effects of demographic composition. The author of this article reveals that signs showed the ACA policy transition from being highly partisan to an accommodative posture where intergovernmental relations are focused to ensuring harmony between government health provision and provision of human service. The critical question conveyed in this article is in how the implementation process was to take place and the different requirements that were to ensure a successful implementation process.

Schwartz, R. L. (2013). Health law: cases, materials and problems. West Academic Publishing.

Schwartz in his book notes that for decades, regulations in the health sector have been significantly focused on the definition and provision of how patients, professionals and medical institutions are affected by the legal articulations. Reviewed by this book concerning the Affordable Care Act where topics such as quality oversight, patient developments, control of costs, retirement income accorded to employees and malpractice litigation are accorded much weight. Also, the author offers insight into both legal and ethical factors that affect the healthcare system. The book also reviews Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius's case with editing being carefully done. Considerations for moral issues that relate to death and medical treatment among others are discussed in this book. Lastly, this book explores the efforts by the government to control costs and expansion of access through Medicare and Medicaid while also reviewing the government's attempt in evaluating the anticompetitive activities such as fraud and abuse. Students are exposed to core law issues concerning the health sector with sources being judicial and statutory materials which have resulted in a valid and reliable information system.

Shaw, F. E., Asomugha, C. N., Conway, P. H., & Rein, A. S. (2014). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: opportunities for prevention and public health. The Lancet, 384(9937), 75-82.

The enaction of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act marked a significant change in the history of the health care policies in the United States since the 1960s. The intention of the law as to address the ensuring the issue of inadequate access to health care coupled with the increased cost of living that was limiting access to health care and health insurance. The policy served to put a leash on insurance practices that were discriminatory while also moving ahead to make health coverage more comfortable for the ordinary individual. By providing the impetus for collaboration between the public and the private sector, the new law offers a platform that could benefit all involved parties. The hope held in this book is for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to help advance the health system to cater for most of the population in the nation.

Snyder, R., & Lundebjerg, N. E. (2016). Show Us the Money: Investments That Support the Eldercare Workforce. Generations, 40(1), 115-121.

Currently, regardless of the nation is highly developed coupled with over thirty-five years of IOM calling for investment to be increased in an effort of increasing clinician and direct workers competencies especially in caring for the older generations has not been achieved. Snyder delves into the fact that statistics record show that their older generation population in the country is growing steadily and unless effort is made to improve their health care, the nation risks severe consequences. The author proposes that, instead of using just a patchwork system of both private and public networks, it will work better if a policy was put in place to solely monitor and carter for the welfare of the elderly. This article offers the outline of both private and public sources that are responsible for supporting the eldercare while also providing insight and recommends on the best strategies that can be employed to develop the sector.

Statistica. (2018). United States - Gross domestic product (GDP) 2022 | Statistic. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/263591/gross-domestic-product-gdp-of-the-united-states/

The statistical review in the above article is an illustration of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the USA between 2012 -2017 with a projection that focuses up to 2022. Any policy proposition has to consider the ability of the government and the private sector financial systems. The collectors of the data offer insight on where tax systems can be imposed to raise money for the proposed bill. Based on the availed data, it is evident that different industries are improving in their production and contribution to the economy. Understanding the role played by the sectors and comparing them to the health industry's performance is the only way of ensuring development in one sector does not affect growth in other sectors. The availed data, therefore, helps in avoiding the one-sided development trap.

Wilkinson, G. W., Sager, A., Selig, S., Antonelli, R., Morton, S., Hirsch, G., ... Wachman, M. (2017). No Equity, No Triple Aim: Strategic Proposals to Advance Health Equity in a Volatile Policy Environment. American Journal of Public Health, 107(S3), S223-S228.

This article carries the wishes of health professionals such as social workers etc. whose interest is promotion and improvement of equity in the health sector. The authors assert that there are barriers in the realization of the Patient Protection and Affordable Act passed in 2010. They also call for the need to move from the fee-for-service payments in an effort to make accessibility to medical care as easy as possible. The article also discusses the belief that such a bill will cause service providers to endeavor more to prevent health issues upon their patients. This article also calls upon the use of health equity to guide the achievement of Triple Aim in the health care reform while also outlining the opportunities presented in the effort of addressing social determinants of health. The authors include a dashboard in an effort to offer a platform for suggestions aimed at helping those committed to the healthcare sector in promoting accountability and at the same time, address both social and economic factors that affect health.

Worstall, T. (2014, March 18). Bill Gates Points To The Best Tax System, The Progressive Consumption Tax. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2014/03/18/bill-gates-points-to-the-best-tax-system-the-progressive-consumption-tax/

The author of this article discusses Bill Gates stand concerning progressive consumption taxation. He calls for the saving and consumption taxation system to be more accommodative. According the article, instead of replacing all the income tax with Value Added Tax that will only serve to shift the burden to those worse off, the replacement should only encompass a portion of the consumption tax. However, a complete replacement of income...