Ethics of Police Deception During Interrogation Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Collecting some sorts of relevant information from some individuals is usually tricky is cunning means are not employed. Consequently, police investigation and interrogation services are enmeshed with deception as one of the ways to capture some reliable information from suspects. However, the efficacy of police deception during interrogation has never outlined if it is ethically right or wrong. For that matter, relevant information regarding the crimes committed by suspects has always been able to be outsourced and assisted a lot in carrying out testimonies in courts. This exposition seeks to analyze the efficacy, ethical and moral obligation behind the use of police deception in interrogation by the use of six annotations.

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Annotation 1

Hartwig, Maria, Christian A. Meissner, and Matthew D. Semel. "Human intelligence is interviewing and interrogation: Assessing the challenges of developing an ethical, evidence-based approach." Investigative Interviewing. Springer, New York, NY, 2014. 209-228.

Notwithstanding the fact that police take an oath to protect the rights of citizens by offering a proper roadmap for trustworthiness and loyalty to their service, much has been found out that police employ deception to capture relevant information from suspects. According to Hartwig, Messner, and Serne; (2014), police officers have to use all means possible and sometimes they have to lie to suspects who engage in evil acts regarding their partners' confessions to capture the right information to use against the suspects in court. The moral connections behind lying to suspects about the disclosure of their partners in crime have a dilemma notwithstanding the fact that at some point, the ends justify the means.

Annotation 2

Klaver, Jessica R., Zina Lee, and V. Gordon Rose. "Effects of personality, interrogation techniques and plausibility in an experimental false confession paradigm." Legal and Criminological Psychology 13.1 (2008): 71-88.

For that matter, lying and deception are part of police integral part of work as long as the aftermath of deception build efficacy of deceptive police way of collecting evidence. Police deception on adolescents and people with low intellectual ability, mental retardation, and some other personal traits alters the innocence of the suspects. Therefore, police deception is sometimes unethical.

Annotation 3

Kassin, Saul M., et al. "Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations." Law and human behavior 34.1 (2010): 3-38.

Regarding the fact that at times police deception constraints suspects to even confess about things that they are not part or never intended to do, the act of police deception fails to conform to the moral appeal of a proper investigation of a criminal act on suspects (Klaver, Lee & Rose, 2008). Kassin et al. (1) outline that most DNA tests of the efficacy of police investigation on suspects confession put forth that some people usually confess to crimes that they did not commit.

Annotation 4

Alpert, Geoffrey P., and Jeffrey J. Noble. "Lies, true lies, and conscious deception: Police officers and the truth." Police Quarterly 12.2 (2009): 237-254.

In most cases, police officers tend to tell lies to manipulate a situation to conform to the way they want to work. From the fact that citizens are aware that police officers are groomed, to tell the truth to the people they carry investigation, the repercussions of telling a lie during investigation portray unethical appeal if the suspects end up airing out what they did not do. Alpert and Noble (237) outline that police lies during investigation lead to unintended consequences like false confessions. For that matter, the police will always stand in their secure post of telling the truth during court proceedings, but the suspects failed to tell the truth after being compelled to say to lies during a deceptive interrogation.

Annotation 5

Leo, Richard A. Police interrogation, and American justice. Harvard University Press, 2008., Scott-Hayward

Police officers at some points engage inexcusable lies in making investigations to be fruitful. For that matter, the harm resulted from such lies are not directly connected to lack of ethics in police practice but to unplanned issues that are in conjunction with human behavior and acts. Regarding Leo (198), experimental studies tend to find the problems unethical concerning false confessions, but the aspects are burned from reaching to the public as a way of ethically and legally protecting police service.

Annotation 6

Christine S. "Explaining Juvenile False Confessions: Adolescent Development and Policy Interrogation." Law & Psychol. Rev. 31 (2007): 53.

For that matter, it is worth to note that police deception is sometimes disastrous to some individuals and if it is a must to be used, then the mental capability of the suspects should be a factor to be considered (Scott-Hayward 53). Therefore, police investigation and interrogation services are deceptive to capture reliable data from suspects a situation that invalidates some confessions thus illegitimate ethics in police actions.

Works Cited

Alpert, Geoffrey P., and Jeffrey J. Noble. "Lies, true lies, and conscious deception: Police officers and the truth." Police Quarterly 12.2 (2009): 237-254.

Hartwig, Maria, Christian A. Meissner, and Matthew D. Semel. "Human intelligence is interviewing and interrogation: Assessing the challenges of developing an ethical, evidence-based approach." Investigative Interviewing. Springer, New York, NY, 2014. 209-228.

Kassin, Saul M., et al. "Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations." Law and human behavior 34.1 (2010): 3-38.,

Klaver, Jessica R., Zina Lee, and V. Gordon Rose. "Effects of personality, interrogation techniques and plausibility in an experimental false confession paradigm." Legal and Criminological Psychology 13.1 (2008): 71-88.

Leo, Richard A. Police interrogation, and American justice. Harvard University Press, 2008.

Scott-Hayward, Christine S. "Explaining Juvenile False Confessions: Adolescent Development and Policy Interrogation." Law & Psychol. Rev. 31 (2007): 53.