Essay Sample on Range of Services & Level of Service: Exploring Traveler Perspectives

Introduction

The range of services refers to the maximum distance a person is willing to travel to acquire a service. If the person can stretch up to five meters for any service, that is the range of service (Cameron et al., 2019). The level of service refers to mechanisms of determining how efficiently a transportation network operates from the traveler's perceptions (Cameron et al., 2019). The measurement is a qualitative evaluation of the traffic flows and assigning the traffic situation levels of quality depending on speeding, density, and congestion factors.

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Apply Organizational Change Models to Prospective Change Scenarios

There exist three models for change management. The models are Mc Kinsey 7-s model, Lewin model, and Kotter's 8 step models. The need for the models extends to organization widths, bottoms (these two create change in tasks and processes), and employee attributes. The Mc Kinsey model helps before initiating the change process (Wil et al., 2003). The model ensures one knows what change a process or task requires before using research data for buy-in ideas from the management. Commonly, one uses the model either for general introspective actions or for analysis of peculiar business strategies. Lewin's change model helps in the execution process. The need comes with large-scale changes, a dangerous projected change. It has three parts, unfreezing the status quo of changes, making changes, and refreezing where the implementation applies (Wil et al., 2003). Kotter's model has eight steps where it focusses on the buy-in macro scale instead of winning over particular individuals.

Analyze the People's Needs in Managing Change

The definition of change management may vary depending on personalities. Management change is a structured approach to transition between current to future states across individual and organization links (Cameron et al., 2019). The needs of managing change include resistance minimization, increased engagement and overall performance, cost reduction, and enhanced creativity. The need is to help employees commit and understand the changes while trying to embrace the current business surroundings. Part of the requirement is managing transition, yet the difference is not the same as transition. The need depends on who is responsible and requires change. Managers need training and overall motivation for the employees over the required change.

Integrate Change Management with Program and Project Management

The most effective way to realize a goal in a project or initiative is by integrating change management with program and project management (Wil et al., 2003). According to research, control into projects and programs exceeds the set objective by 60% more than it exceeds those who did not integrate the two at 40% (Wil et al., 2003). In the event of well-structured programs, the activities of the change management efficiently integrate with other organizational projects. The overall combined performances contribute to success and minimal negatives on the organization.

Conclusion

In summary, range and level of service refer to distance and efficiency concerning goods and services. Change management has models for an effective transition. The models are Mc Kinsey 7-s model, Lewin model, and Kotter's 8 step models. The need for change depends on the personality and the attributes required in the process. Additionally, integrating change management and project management has a higher probability of achieving proposed goals.

References

Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2019). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools, and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. http://www.uop.edu.pk/ocontents/Change%20Management%20Book.pdf

Wil, A., Diesel, J., & Oberweis, A. (Eds.). (2003). Business process management: Models, techniques, and empirical studies. Springer. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=aMapCAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=change+management+models&ots=sKi_apLTEa&sig=413qq4ETe5RTEJqfR8LhnhmhO1s