Essay Example on Collagen IV and Basement Membrane

The emergence of many organisms that are multicellular comes as a result of many cells coming together to form a distinct type of tissue or organ. Cells when coming together they work in the shape of glueing whereby the cells come together to form smart scaffolds that either in a direct or indirect way draw together the proteins forming a basement membrane that connects the cells together thus providing a rigid strength within the tissue. Also it aids the cells on how they transmit the information. The emergence of the collagen IV and the basement membrane evolution has been studied purposely to determine it's over increase in complexity, size and relative diversity of animals.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

Fundamentally, the results of the experiment to be obtained by many methods were used to characterize the extracellular matrix. Basically, a combination of immunochemistry, the use of electron microscope genomic and transcriptomic analysis and use of RNA sequencing facilitated the retrieval of the results (Rodriguez, 2015). The methods were useful in deriving the junctions within the cells that were tight, collagen`s diversity within the cells and polarization of dense cells tight lateral junctions within the cells. The study was done in all microorganisms including choanoflagellates, monosiga, oscarella and three main classes of ctenophore namely; the mnemiopsis leidyi, the Beroe Ovata, and the pleurobrachia pileus.

Furthermore, the gene involved in the transcription of the protein structure was characterized in ctenophores and another non-bilateral animal phylum. The results show that a different number of genes are present in different categories which account up to eleven lengths full size of collagen in the microorganism. However, in the invertebrates the genes are two in number while in the vertebrates the genes are six in number. In addition, the number and the orientation of the structure of the collagen IV genes are characterized. The results found that, the two genes are present in both species and they showed homology in bilateral which showed a one on one configuration the exons was confirmed to be collagenous and non-collagenous.

Also, a model was proposed concerning the collagen IV gene evolution that guides the collagen iv membrane development. The model incorporates both ctenophera-first, and the profera-first hypothesis whereby the existence of the Gly-XY form of collagen repeats itself when collagen iv genes are not there and when the genes of NC1 are there in the ctenophore proposes that the Gly-X-y always joins together with the domain of NC1 gene in the ancestral metazoan. Hence in a deeper understanding, one can be able to arrive at an agreement that the spongin variant and collagen IV definitely in the extracellular microenvironment are the primordial components (Kim, 2016). As such, a component of the basement membrane it enables the assembly of the fundamental form of the basic structure in the generation and the mutation higher levels of tissues.

However, future research is directed upon the collagen iv and basement membrane. It is directed to find the relationship between the membrane basement mechanics and the function it has in the study of renal disease. The experiment is based on the current understanding that, the sulfilimine which cross links the BM is the one that gives the mechanical support to the basement membrane and the entire cells at large.

In conclusion, the collagen iv and basement membrane`s studies create a better understating on the roles of different cells in different organism. Further it helps in generating the homology scheme amongst different cells in from different species.

References

Fidler, A. L., Farris, C. E., Chetyrkin, S. V., Pedchenko, V. K., Boudko, S. P., Brown, K. L., ... & Hudson, B. G. (2017). Collagen IV and basement membrane at the evolutionary dawn of metazoan tissues. eLife, 6, e24176.

Kim, J., Hopkinson, M., Kavishwar, M., Fernandez-Fuente, M., & Brown, S. C. (2016). Prenatal muscle development in a mouse model for the secondary dystroglycanopathies. Skeletal muscle, 6(1), 3.

RodriguezTeja, M., Gronau, J. H., Breit, C., Zhang, Y. Z., Minamidate, A., Caley, M. P., ... & Darby, S. (2015). AGEmodified basement membrane cooperates with Endo180 to promote epithelial cell invasiveness and decrease prostate cancer survival. The Journal of pathology, 235(4), 581-592.

RodriguezTeja, M., Gronau, J. H., Breit, C., Zhang, Y. Z., Minamidate, A., Caley, M. P., ... & Darby, S. (2015). AGEmodified basement membrane cooperates with Endo180 to promote epithelial cell invasiveness and decrease prostate cancer survival. The Journal of pathology, 235(4), 581-592.