Criminal Investigations: From Hammurabi's Code to Modern Era - Essay Sample

Introduction

A criminal investigation is one of the earliest forms of technology that began a long time ago; from as far as 1700 BCE in Hammurabi's code writings (Kirchhner, 2016). The code states that both the accused and the accuser have the right to provide their accumulated evidence. The evidence can consist of interrogations, interviews, maintenance, and proof collection. In the modern generation, the authorities or the police mostly achieve crook investigations. Personal investigators can also be employed to help or complete the studies. An earlier record of an expert crook investigator turned into an English constable.

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By gathering substantial evidence, the inquiry methods formed. Methods of research are methods that aid in gathering data from the investigators for their current case. Methods of investigation get used in a criminal investigation to collect evidence, collected statements, and information stored in the as well as the internet (Kirchhner, 2016). In conjunction, they get a used journey to the events of the crime. They also aid in criminal investigation and making empowering prosecutors when handling maximum cases.

Maximum cases commence when warranties get issued. That is commonly the first instance that instills worry in a prosecutor (Byrnes, 2015). The Prosecutor, at this instance, decides if someone must get booked for the offense. Thoroughly the Prosecutor is mandated to go through facts the case gets concerned with, consisting of witness statements, any priors, and then forwards the crime again to law enforcers to behavior additional research.

If a prosecutor has the belief of the suspect's involvement in the crime, then they can grant a charge. There are different branches in reconstruction. One is logic as well as victim logy, and fact, i.e., physical evidence and test results, the scientific method, and basic knowledge of criminology. Such remodeling may be as simple as a detective or crime scene investigator walking through a crime scene and verbally hypothesizing what has occurred, reconstructions that utilize video graphics. Besides software or services that offer three-dimensional views of a crime, it occurs in a frame by frame rendition of compiled data, facts, and analysis (Bryne, 2015). Such crime scene reenactment is usually designed for use in a court of law and is not what crime scene reconstruction is all about.

The accused will get given a possibility to plea whether guilty or not to the allegation to either plead guilty or innocent. If the accused decide to ask a criminal, the Prosecutor may choose to sentence the accused instantaneous or may additionally reschedule the Day of Judgment (Byrnes, 2015) so that it will deliver the department probation period to put together a record. The record includes background statistics of the accused as well as the offense. If the accused decides to be mute or decides to plead been innocent, the hearing might get rescheduled for a pretrial convention (Kirchhner, 2016).

Depending on the phases of the case, then Crimes are reconstructed for several reasons: the investigation, trial preparation, and defense preparation. Besides the trial itself, all can benefit from reconstruction. Justice gets easily achieved by having full knowledge of the activities of the crime. After a crime gets established, crime reconstruction gets used to aid in determining the questions aroused by the process of investigation.

In aiding to bring to light questions that can get aroused after a crime is entrenched, the reconstructions get availed the chance to be among the individuals conducting the investigation. Investigators entrusted the task of authenticating the truth and lies or misleading statements. Furthermore, it also aids in profiling the accused and lessens the burden of the district attorney in stresses over case preparation. The courts also benefit in determining the appropriate judgment upon the accused.

In some cases, data collected at the scene of a crime, for example, the crime location and interpretation of the blood spatter, finally movements and to provide a three-dimensional video that can confirm the activities that transpired in the scene of the crime. This gets possible by inserting the final resting place of the body into a computer. A crime scene may get reconstructed by proper examination and examination of the evidence physically collected from the crime scene.

All misdemeanor instances get scheduled for an assembly assistant prosecutor and the accused to decide whether the hearing will be resolved with a plea or go to trial. At a District Court, a felony gets arraigned. The defendant is not required to plead guilty or not; the accused gets recommended to use his or her rights to an initial exam in 14 days of the prosecution wherein the judge may additionally bear in mind a defendant's petition for a courtroom-appointed lawyer present.

The defendant, via his legal professional, can pass-look at the observer and gift his evidence. If likely motive gets set up, the defendant receives forwarder to court circuit docket for judgment. If the evidence points at the defendant's innocence, then the judge has the mandate of brushing off the case by reducing the fees.

The Circuit courtroom can also schedule an assembly among the junior Prosecuting legal professional and the Attorney of the defendant's to decide whether the hearing will visit trial or get sorted via plea. That is wherein the Prosecutor may be needed to solve numerous reruns of the trial problems, whereby some might decide if the accused will go to get judged or remain unattended.

The accused isn't always supposed to give a guarantee of his involvement or non-involvement but may project the precision of the proof by the Prosecutor. Both the charged and the Attorney have the proper to an ordeal through a jury. Each aspect agrees to permit a choice to concentrate on the findings and determine the case on a panel. In a bench trial, the board determines the outcome of the case; the judge is the determiner in the bench trial (Kirchhner, 2016). The proof presented gets discovered by a judge or the jury.

References

Byrnes, T. (2015). Professional Criminals of America (1886). Retrieved from Online: https://archive.org/details/cu31924096989177

Kirchner, L. (2016). Machine Bias: There Is Software That Is Used across the County to Predict Future Criminals. Retrieved from: https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing