Bernoulli's Principle for Flow of Fluids: Entrainment, Velocity Measurement, & More - Essay Sample

Introduction

There are numerous devices and circumstances that the flow of fluid at a consistent elevation and therefore, it can all be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle and equation. Some of the main areas where this principle may be used are in entrainment, velocity measurement, wings and sails, turbines problems, and determining the direction flow inside a pipe.Individuals have applied Bernoulli's principle for a long time by use pressure which is alleviated in fluids with high velocity in the movement of various things. Having greater pressure on the outer part the fluids with high-velocity force other fluids to get in the stream. The process of occurrence is known as entrainment. Even in the older times, the entrainment gadgets were still used specifically as pumps in raising water in lesser heights, in drainage of swamps, grounds, or additional areas that lay low on the ground. Some instances where the entrainment gadgets utilize elevated fluid velocity in imposing truncated pressures, that thus causes entrainment of fluid in the other.

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In automobile industries, this concept is applied when using the rubber bulb of spray-guns is pressed. Air is blown in a tube which results in the creation of high velocity and low pressure and then the fluid gets sprayed through the nozzle since the pressure is less compared to the atmospheric pressure. A similar conception is used in atomizers since when their bulb is squeezed, an air jet is created that causes entrainment in the perfume drops. A regular aspirator utilizes a high-velocity water stream in imposing an area of lesser pressure. Aspirators can be utilized as pumps of sanction in surgical and dental circumstances or in the drainage of a basement that is flooded or in production of a vessel with alleviated pressure.

Wings and Sails

Aircraft are supposed to be the best example where Bernoulli's concept is used. Their wings gets slanted aloft at a less angle and the higher surface is elongated, which causes the air movement to increase substantially. The pressure on the upper side of the wing is alleviated thus creating a lift. Airplanes can fly due to the pressure difference under the wing and over the wing. Sails also possess a similar shape characteristic as that of a wing. The pressure situated on the front end of a sail is less compared to the pressure on the back end of the same sail which afferents to a force moving forwards and also causes the sailor to cruise into the wind. The sail also can navigate accordingly because of the pressure difference on both sides.

Limitations of Bernoulli's Equation

The first limitation of the Bernoulli's equation is that the speed in the particles of the fluid in the pipe's central part is maximum and slowly decrements towards the pipe's wall as a result of friction. Therefore, only the mean liquid velocity must be taken into account since then there is no uniformity in the velocity of the fluid's particles. Secondly, in all times, there is a certain external force that acts on the liquid thus affecting the liquid flow and the external forces must be neglected. The third limitation is that in raging flow, certain kinetic energy is changed into thermal energy and inviscid flow, particular energy gets lost as a result of shear forces. When the fluid flows through a bent route, thus energy owed to the centrifugal forces must also be considered.

Works Cited

Moustafa, Tarek, and Wilfrido Moreno. "RAM air and wind energy harvesting survey for electrical vehicles and transportation." SoutheastCon 2017. IEEE, 2017. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7925346/

Qin, Ruqiong, and Chunyi Duan. "The principle and applications of Bernoulli equation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 916. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2017. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/916/1/012038/meta