Artificial Intelligence: Exploring Different Definitions and Implications - Essay Sample

Literature Review

Definition

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has numerous applications on various facets of humanity. Despite its implications in peoples’ lives, there has been ambiguity in coming up with a definition of AI together with its integral elements. According to Pei Wang, there is no fixed definition of AI, but rather can be described in five different ways (Anand, 2018). The five ways he proposes of defining AI are based on the structure, behaviour, capability, function and principle (Anand, 2018).

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James Vincent, in his part, clarifies that it is difficult to use the term artificial intelligence and that it is delicate to define. For instance, after machines finish conquering a task that formerly was only done by humans — from playing chess or even distinguishing faces — it will then cease to be the symbol of intelligence but will be an AI Effect (Vincent, 2016). Coppin (2014), defines AI as the “study of systems that act in a way that, to any observer, would be intelligent”. Coppin’s definition is, however, only partial because AI might be a problem-solving tool that is a component of the internal structure of complex systems. Coppin later redefines AI as “that involves using methods based on the intelligent behaviour of humans and other animals to solve complex problems” (Coppin, 2014). He further elucidates that the second definition is more suitable when one considers the difference between strong AI and weak AI (Anand, 2018).

AI and Employment

AI primarily use human intelligence in various fields, where its algorithms improve the performance greatly; thus, many industries utilize it to improve productivity. It has thus, greatly impacted the employment sector. According to Sirisha (2019), AI has expanded greatly in the tenets of human resource management. It begins from the process of recruitment, up the exit process of employees and encompasses training, engagement, perks, and records (Sirisha, 2019). AI has greatly influenced the personalized experience because it has enhanced processes of the talent acquisition, including candidates screening, keeping records and maintenance of the database, and automation of interview schedules. It also enhances the delivery of messages and answering queries of those seeking jobs. Through AI development, mundane tasks in the employment sector have been generally automated (Sirisha, 2019).

AI and Agriculture

According to Anand (2018), AI development has greatly influenced labour and human resource in general. In the agriculture sector, Artificial Intelligence has initiated the AI bots, which are used in the harvesting of different. Through the AI technology, harvesting of big volumes is possible and also faster than while in human labourers. Also, leveraging computer vision aids in monitoring the weed as well as spraying them. It is, therefore, true to state that AI is of great help to farmers since it offers efficient ways of protecting their crops from weeds.

Space Exploration

History

For a long time, humans have been looking up into the night sky and visualized about space exploration. From 20th century, there has been the development of space rockets that are capable of overcoming the force of gravity, thus reaching orbital speeds, and hence offering a pavement and a way of space exploration (Aerospace, 2018). The history of space exploration backs up to 1930s and 1940s when Nazi Germany realized that it was possible to use long-distance rockets as weapons (Aerospace, 2018).

The first artificial satellite into space was launched in 1957. The development was done by the Soviets and named it as Sputnik 1. Later, in 1961, four years after the first launch, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin orbited the Earth in Vostok 1, becoming the first human to do so. The flight duration was recorded to be 108 minutes, while the altitude that Yuri reached was 327 kilometres (Aerospace, 2018). Explorer 1 was the first American satellite to enter into orbit in 1958. Alan Shepard was the first American to enter into space in 1961; however, the first American to orbit the earth was John Glenn during his historic in 1962 (Aerospace, 2018).

Landing on the moon was initially a national goal invented by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The first landing on moon happened in 1969 by the astronaut Neil Armstrong. From the 1970s, orbiting communications and navigation satellites had started to be developed. The Mariner spacecraft was by then able to orbit and map Mars grounds. Later, the Voyager spacecraft was able to send images of Jupiter and Saturn together with their rings and moons. The space shuttle was launched in 1981 by the Columbians.

Relevance of Space Exploration Today

Currently, a research laboratory known as International Space Station has been created in low Earth orbit. Many partners are participating in the design as well as in the construction of this station. It is thus a high-flying laboratory whose relevance cannot be underestimated since it is a symbol of cooperation when it comes to space exploration. As a result of this cooperation, the former competitors are now able to work together.

The station has been serviced by a number of visiting spacecraft including the Russian Soyuz and Progress; the American Dragon and Cygnus; the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle; and European Automated Transfer Vehicle. many astronauts, cosmonauts, and space tourists have already visited the station from different nations. Additionally, the modern designs of space systems are capable of reducing costs and improving dependability, protection, and trustworthiness.

Future Prospects

Some space experts predict a bright future of manned space exploration. In future, it might be possible for humans to step into some of the alien worlds which are described today at a distance (Taylor, 2014). Also, in days to come, the human will be able to land in Red Planet, which will be a tricky trial as compared to landing a robot instead. Additionally, through NASA, the 100- Year Starship project will be able to build technological equipment that will facilitate human in flying a spaceship to another planetary system (Taylor, 2014).

Bioengineering

History

Bioengineering is the process in which engineering knowledge is applied to the sectors of medicine and biology. Bioengineers basically have a task of solving problems in medicine and biology by applying principles, methods and techniques in engineering science. It was recognized as a branch of engineering even before World War II. Even though bioengineering is rooted in ancient times, there were no substantial developments made up to the 14th and 16th centuries. The augment activity of bioengineering may be attributed to electrical engineers (Gerringer, 2013). By 1950s, most of the bioengineering meetings...