Annotated Bibliography: The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb in WWII

Stimson, Henry L., and Harry S. Truman. "The decision to use the atomic bomb." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 3.2 (1947): 37-67.

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This article explores the decision of the USA in the usage of nuclear bomb in WWII. The report argues that usage of the nuclear armament saved breathes of the Americans, which would have been vanished in two D-Day land raids of the major landmasses of the Japanese soil. The first operation scheduled in November in the island of Kyushu, and the second was to be on the central island of Honshu, was supposed to proceed in early 1946. It was justified as field marshal Hisaishi Horiuchi had commanded the killing of all 100,000 prisoners of war if America invaded. Japanese had also vowed to fight to the death, and this was a significant issue of concern in Washington.

It was crucial to use the nuclear bomb to bring the conflict to completion. It shortened the war as the bombs were released on August 6 and 9, and the war came to an end as the Japanese paused the war, and on date 14, the Japanese emperor Hirohito made a public declaration that japan had surrendered from the war. According to the military planners, they wished to end the pacific war afterward when Nazi Germany fall out.

It was only the bombing that convinced the emperor to think otherwise. The Japanese were not ready to surrender even after the dropping of the war as the Japanese military commanders refused to accept defeat and claiming that the Hiroshima bomb was atomic. Even after the ministers of defense held meetings top surrender, they did not reach their consensus until the time they heard a false message came from the downed American pilot on America possessing more than 100 atomic bombs.

The United States had given the Japanese an earlier warning to surrender as president Truman had reached for the choice to use the nuclear bomb. The testing of the atomic bomb had been done on July 26 and was successful. The United States had dropped several warning leaflets that the city was targeted, and the civilian population was urged to evacuate.

Wanebo, C. K., et al. "Breast cancer after exposure to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." New England Journal of Medicine 279.13 (1968): 667-671.

This article explores why the US needed to use the nuclear bomb during WWII. It explains that the usage of the nuclear bomb was due to vengeance of the Japanese brutality. The nuclear bomb was a way of punishing the brutality, barbaric behavior of the Japanese army. The Japanese military is thought to have committed slaughters throughout Asia and the pacific region by raping women, murdering civilians, tortured and executed the prisoners.

The Japanese deserved nuclear bomb due to the expensive mission that had been commenced through the aid of President Roosevelt in 1939. The project was the most costly in history at that period, and the defense ministers did not want the project to go down. Therefore they wanted to prove it with the making of the atomic bomb, which justified the expenditure of billions of money on the project.

By use of the nuclear bomb on the Japanese soil is through the choice made through the board of common accountability. The committee was tasked to provide something that was related to atomic energy, and that can be used to control the war. Thus the president's drop of the bomb was by the decision and recommendations of most experienced personnel and had no backward choice since it would be negligence.