Analytical Research Paper on Racial Profiling

Introduction

Racial profiling has always violated the fundamental rights of the minority groups in the United States. Before the start of the slogan 'black lives matters,' there was mass racial profiling against blacks due to their social position in the American nation. Additionally, racial profiling is now connected to other ethnic groups like Hispanic, Chinese, Latinos, Arabs and basically the Muslim who live in American.

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Diversity is the cause of the prevalent racial profiling that is brought about by discrimination of the minority groups by people who do not know the exact reason. African Americans are now considered to be among the other groups that are affected by discrimination and denial of civil liberties. Bah (n. p) portrays that minority groups in the United States have been subjects to mistreatment by both law enforcement and unfair political allies. The September 2011 attacks on the United States rendered many blacks to be the victims of racial profiling for the mistakes that US military base had portrayed to be responsible. Additionally, another racial profiling incident that has risen since the attack is the rise in social discrimination and racial profiling of Arabs and Muslims in the United States. Even though the 9/11 attacks were done by Islamic groups, the racial profiling that erupted against Muslims and Arabs tends to violate the civil liberties of the innocent people who live in the USA. The profiling denies the innocent individuals a chance for equal protection by the law since the war on terror redefined racial profiling. A shift in the target population and the change in the ways by which racial profiling occurs has been reported in the United States.

Recently, Chinese Americans, Muslims living in America and Hispanic-Latino Americans have been connected to various challenges that Americans face in the recent years. Most of the Chinese Americans, Muslim Americans and Latino Americans have been connected to the economic, social and political challenges that America is facing. Consequently, they are affected by extreme discrimination that is connected to the former challenges that America experienced due (Guy-Lee n. p.). For instance, the avenge mission that Al Qaeda planned on the United States laid a platform by which Muslim Americans and Arabs became the subjects for racial profiling. Middle Eastern have been found to the latest people who are affected by racial profiling by the latest data.

People's differences cannot be connected to the notion that superiority or inferiority to one another is the cause of profiling. The past events are the ones that connect the Muslims and Arabs to the present-day profiling that is connected to the attacks that took place in 9/11. According to Birzer (n. p.), many racial profiling cases are brought about by police authority amid the racially biased people who literally deny that they engage in racial discrimination. The police have been found to be the agents of racial profiling (Kamalu 2002). Most minority citizens have been found to be over policed and restricted due to the overall look into their race and social status in the society. For that matter, Birzer (n.p.) provides grounds that portray the police to be the perpetrators of racial profiling and abuse of power. The empirical data provided by Birzer (n. p.) outlines that the in-depth interviews and the results of the two-year research into minorities and police's racial profiling portray that abuse of power is the cause of the challenge. Police officers are the cause of societal racial profiling.

On the other hand, racial profiling that is connected to terrorism is different from the common African-American profiling that has been known worldwide. The threat of terrorism makes most people speculate through what each individual who fall in the category of the countries or groups that have ever caused terror in America to be profiled for any form of re-occurrence. According to Byrd (10a), terrorism is a national security issue that leads to racial profiling especially on people who seem to be Arabic and Muslims. On the other hand, people who make cross-border relations with Arabic countries are speculated to protect the nation from the re-occurrence of attacks like that of 9/11. The difference in treating whites and the racially differentiated individuals in the United States is connected ensuring that the intelligence is at the forefront of preventing any planned attack. Over policing has been reported to affect Black Americans, Muslims, Arabs, Latinos and Hispanic Americans.

Engel et al. (249) employ the theory of racial profiling to come up with the shortcomings of research and future developments towards the reduction of racial profiling. The frequency of traffic and pedestrian stops that has been harshly focused on blacks, Hispanic Americans, Arabs and Muslims have proved that the intelligence strongly believes that there are races that are affiliated to causing mischiefs in America. Police prejudices are the reason why racial profiling is rampant in America. According to Hernandez (21), the historical genealogy of Latino immigrant detention proves that racial profiling is promoted by the police due to insecurity and the requirements by the intelligence service.

What leads to the emergence of racial profiling and the continued prevalence of the issue of profiling in this new era? For several decades, many Whites have enjoyed the aspect of white privilege which is guided by the fact that Whites acts are cherished and that their representation in the constitution is widely seen. Just like racism, White privilege undermines Blacks supremacy by overshadowing Blacks rights to power since whites are given a kind of life that openly show that White is a more privileged race than any other race. Citing Anderson and McCormack (951), in most cases, "whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege" than the way males are taught to surrender some of their powers to make women realize their strengths and position in the society.

According to Guy-Lee (n. p.), there are many instances whereby the rights for representation is overshadowed for Black women in the American society but open for the male. This is evident even among the women who prevent women suffrage. Another type of profiling is the one connected to preventing black women to ascend to power and leadership positions (UNRIC n. p.). Consequently, there is freedom of Black men to enter politics and have more privileges to rise into power and other position the same way White women do, but for Black women, the matter has never been a natural step. It is well seen that White women have more privileges than black women regarding job and rights to representation (Anderson and McCormack 951). It is also seen in most films, TV land movies and entertainment videos that give women a chance to action scenes that underrate their position in the nation.

Conclusion

Therefore, it is widely seen that even though racism is fought from all corners in the world, the kind of social education that is offered to Whites shows them that they are privileged than whites hence making the modern racism to take another level of either being privileged or underprivileged. Quigley (n. p.) provides a platform for pointing out that criminal justice system is based on race-based verdicts even though there are various tot laws that should offer the required justice to the people convicted.

Works Cited

Anderson, Eric, and Mark McCormack. "Intersectionality, critical race theory, and American sporting oppression: Examining Black and gay male athletes." Journal of Homosexuality 57.8 (2010): 949-967.

Bah, Abu B. "Ethnic Studies Review"; Bellingham 29.1, USA Today 2 August 2006: 5 July 2018

Byrd, Laura. "Total Freedom or Smart Safety?" USA Today, 11 June 2002, p. 10a. Accessed 3 July 2018.

Birzer, Michael L. Racial Profiling: They Stopped Me Because of I'm--. Vol. 75, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2013.

Engel, Robin Shepard, Bernard, Thomas J. et al. "Theory and Racial Profiling: Shortcomings and Future Directions in Research." Justice Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 2, 2002, pp. 249-273., Accessed 5 July 2018.

Guy-Lee, Angela K. "Rituals Reproducing Race: African American Women's Feminine Hygiene Practices, Shared Experiences, And Power." (2017).

Hernandez, David Manuel. "Pursuant to Deportation: Latinos and Immigrant Detention.", 21 Apr. 2008, Accessed July 7, 2018.

Kamalu, Ngozi Caleb. "African Americans and Racial Profiling By Us Law Enforcement: An Analysis Of Police Traffic Stops And Searches Of Motorists In Nebraska, 2002-2007." African Journal of Criminology & Justice Studies 9.1 (2016).

UNRIC. "Racial Profiling in Focus on International Day." United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC), unric.org/en/latest-un-buzz/30510-racial-profiling in-focus-on-international-day. Accessed 7 July 2018.

Quigley, Bill. "Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System." The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 26 July 2010.