Addiction - Research Paper Example

Introduction

Many people have experienced addiction, either once in their lifetimes. Which caused them to suffer from a disability, although after this disability, the Society Stoll blame them .The moral model of addiction is the leading cause of human habit to substance their fault. As Hanna Pickard describes it, the way people saw addiction as a wrongful choice of life. And people saw it as sinful life which the Society need to condemn. The disease model of addiction which is

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The disease model of addiction is not universally accepted. Hanna Pickard outlines that the disease model of addiction, which states that someone who is addicted and doesn't have a disorder has willingly caused the problem, should not be considered as all people do not widely accept it. This should not be the ground for evicting people of their conduct. A

For those who are addicted, it is not their fault. AS in the case of Jim McKelvey, he started drinking when he was thirteen years of age, he did not choose between becoming an addict. As the moral model suggests, the cause of their addiction is their fault. And it was not the fault of Jim. This leaves a gap between the ethical model of addiction and the moral model of addiction.

Punishing People

By punishing people for doing bad things does not have a solution; it only adds more problems. Pickard describes it that punishing those who suffer from addiction is very harmful to the user as it does not prevent someone from being addicted. Pickard says that it is not true that addicts are responsible for their behavior; hence that should not be the background of convicting them in the court of law. If the addiction was a disease, then its treatment requires an act of will. Those who suffer from a given condition are treated without situating the mind of not letting it go. But alcohol requires treatments that the addict must first be willing to be treated after they can go through therapy, hence making the addiction, not a disease.

Having an emotional disorder, involving in substance abuse and eating disorders make the mind not be in a position of reasoning; this will result in adverse reaction; those who are suffering from the disease should not be blamed for what they are doing, as those who have the responsibility of taking care of those who are suffering should understand the background of their patients.

Hanna Pickard offers ways in which those who provide services should not blame those suffering from addiction. Pickard says that people accuse those who are addicted under four circumstances. A service user with a personality disorder has control of their behavior. They are responsible for their behavior, and the action causes harm. Therefore they should be banned for their story. This procedure should not be assumed as the right; those who suffer from addiction do not have a sound mind when using drugs; this should not be the background for the judgment and blaming them for what they have done.

Instead of blaming service users, they should be provided with incentives and choices, as Pickard describes it, that service users have the will to choose between the act of indulging in drugs if they are allowed to choose. Those who are suffering from the personality disorder may be able to have aggression to the clinicians, but they should not be blamed for their action, as during the process of the attack, they are o ly trying to relieve out the stress they have

With Pickard's free will, which she associates with a personality disorder, this does not apply to all situations. Those who have personality disorders may not be able to choose what they want, as they will be always be involved in the process of continuous drinking.

Cages Don't Work and Don't Lower Crime

With the increased number of people in Society, Crime has gone so much high. Society does not offer jobs which may employ everyone. This has led to an increase in the number of crimes; while crime increases, the government has responded by increasing prisons' number. Charges have increased too, from nominal charges to more serious ones. Many people have been convicted so many times after committing the same Crime over and over again. The best way to prevent retribution is to open a community-based program.

Prisons offer mental torturing. The prison environment doesn't prevent someone from committing a crime; instead, it hardens people. The government thinks that the best way of preventing Crime is to open up more jails and lock people up in those jails. Like in Marylin's case, those in prison think that they will come out and never commit crimes. But the government's system is too severe that if you have a criminal record, that is the beginning of your journey to prison. Prisons have only increased mental illness to those who are convicted. People are so much connected to their family members, and when they are convicted and charged, prison acts as a barrier to their loved ones. This causes depression, which only acts as the beginning of their sufferings. The convicts become so much depressed that some people kill themselves.

High rates of abuse are in prison. Many people are abused in jail, and many people will experience abuse when they are in jail than outside (Harlow 1999). With a multi-racial environment and many criminals who have committed the severe Crime, prison's daily life is a basement. This makes prison life an environment where human rights are violated.

With the high population and many criminal acts that people commit every year, the prisoners are congested. This creates an inhuman environment. Prisoners experience suffering, which makes them hate the system of the government. This leads to the mental positioning of hatred. When these felonies are freed, they end up committing the same Crime again.

Those who are convicted after suffering in prison, when they come out of the prison life into the Society, the Society sees them as criminals. The Society looks at those who are convicted as continuous criminals who have nothing to offer back. Prisons only cause borderlines between those who are committed crimes and the Society, even if they have come out of the prisons. It makes them not to have any jobs having a criminal record makes it very hard for some0one o be employed, employers will check criminal records, this will deny those who had broken the law not have the opportunity to work and lack of somewhere to earn a living increase criminal activities; they will be charged and convicted again.

To prevent conviction over and over, opening a community-based program can reduce criminal activities. Community-based program will offer an environment where everyone will feel that they are have something to offer to the Society. Community based program will allow those who are convicted able to see their loved ones, making those who have committed a crime close to their relative does to make them have the mindset of a criminal. This increases their self-esteem. They will work hard enough to change their characters. Unlike prison, which only drives people to feel that they are the criminal in the Society and those who have not been convicted are the best people. They will see the importance of life and begins working towards achieving the best and not completing the worst.

Punishment will only inflict pain on those who have been convicted. A community-based program offers the best opportunity to reduce pain. Crime is just like diseases when people have committed Crime, and they are treated with brutality the Crime will not go the same as diseases when someone is suffering from an illness and the environment become so much harsh to them, they will feel alienated from the Society this will cause more spread of the disease. Community-based programs act as the safe zone in which the criminals don't think they are undergoing; they will make it right by developing good characters compared to when they are in prison. Community-based program also gives those who suffer from mental health psychological counseling (Berghofer et al., pg 10).

Creating a rehabilitation center instead of prisons can be the best alternative for forwarding approaches to punishment. Rehabilitation will enable those who have mental health to access proper facilities, which may allow them to reform compared to prisons (Karthaus et al.,193). The rehabilitation gives the offender a chance to succeed but under the law of the country. Centers also provide those convicted with an opportunity to have an education. As in the case of Marylin, when she was sentenced at the age of 17 years, and after coming out of the prison she had no job, these made her commit the same Crime, again and again, rehabilitation with proper education, those who are convicted can learn and have skills which they can contribute to the Society positively. If the US criminal justice adopts these approaches, they will have to outlaw the rule requiring everyone to provide their criminal record when looking for jobs.

Lack of the Knowledge

John Rawling state that nobody knows his position in Society, his class, or social status. People are born to the world, and they live by chance. They lack the knowledge to predict the future by this, and they will try hard to make their life better. With this in mind, they will try not to engage in groups that may interfere with their social status; they will be acting rationally. They will form groups which may help them to succeed in life. Hence people will rarely engage in activity which may tint their behavior.

People don't know their fortune in the distribution of natural resources (Elizabeth 133). The government controls natural resources. The government forms all the laws which govern the natural resources. For men to acquire this resource, they have to cooperate, and the corporation is for mutualism to reach the common goal. People will not commit criminal acts against one another due to what they owe to each other.

People don't know their abilities, intelligence stand, and strength. People don't measure how they can measure their intelligence; they rely on others to develop their intelligence and skills. Like a child born without the knowledge of what to do, they develop through others' help; they will continue to rely on other people either directly or indirectly. People will always not commit criminal acts when they rely upon ion other people.

Partners don't know the conception of good or the particular psychological propensities. Those joined together, either married or in a relationship, don't know what their economic future may look like. They will rely on one another for the benefit of financial benefit, which will control individual behavior hence avoiding committing crimes.

John Rawling thinks that people will choose their constitutional laws. When people adopt the veil of ignorance, they will select the laws which will benefit them and not laws that may hinder their functionalism in the Society. This will lead to fairness. People will try hard not to break the laws they have made, hence enabling good cooperation. Choosing rules by the individual allows them to feel part of the constitution; shaving something you have earned will make you protect it in all circumstances, leading to fair justice.

Conclusion

Thus, when social institution satisfies people, they will continue to cooperate. When the institution is free and fair and provides an equal opportunity to all people, it will respect one another. Employing the principle will be useful as people have a full reason for self-respect. When the system satisfies everyone, they will appreciate the act of living together. This creates a fair hence minimal chaos.