Ultraviolet Radiation and Marine Photosynthesis Essay

Introduction

Photosynthesis refers to the process by which living plants convert light energy into chemical energy for use in making food for the plant. The process is important in ensuring a continuation and balance of the ecosystem as plants form the majority of living things on the planet. A disruption of this delicate balance in the universe would result in the extinction of life as animals depend on the plants for their own food and energy. This includes both lives on land and in aquatic environments since approximately 45% of photosynthesis on earth occur in the aquatic environments. The rate at which this process occurs is critical in maintaining the productivity of ecosystems thus and has allowed for the evolution of different species over time (Cullen et al., 1994).

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Industrial Application of Enzymes

Enzymes refer to the protein molecules that regulate chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms. These living organisms depend on the enzymes to facilitate their biological processes including the digestion and absorption of food as well as nerve functions in humans and other animals. Modern technology has allowed for the use of enzymes in controlled environments for industrial purposes. A good example of this is lipase engineering, where enzymes are used to speed up or rather regulate alcohol production from chemical reactions involving fats and simple sugars. The enzymes break down glucose and starch under controlled industrial conditions resulting in massive production of the desired compounds. In this aspect, yeast is the most commonly used enzyme. The process also applies to the production of everyday market products such as bread and dairy products among many more others. The use of enzymes in industrial production is important especially in the modern world where the demands of the populations are hardly met by supply (Godfrey, 1982).

Regulation of Cellular Energy Metabolism

All living matters, plants, and animals included utilizing energy for growth and sustenance. They thus have to be able to generate the energy to metabolize their food and initiate growth. This is an example of cellular energy that brings about the sustainability of different species of living things. The mitochondrial plays an important part in the process of metabolic energy balance, giving the organism the ability to balance its energy production and the rate of utilization. As such, ATP balance is essential in the cellular energy utilization in the body of the organism given the dynamics of energy control involved in their cells. A decrease in ATP levels, which facilitate energy production would result in the disruption of this balance and thus result in in increased metabolism rate. It is therefore essential to maintain a constant level of ATP cells to allow for balanced cellular energy metabolism (Erecinska et al., 1982).

Application of Diffusion Cells to Production of Known Concentration of Gaseous Hydrocarbons

Diffusion is an important process in the existence and sustainability of normal processes among living things. It refers to the movement of molecules of a given substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. The process is essential in everyday existence and examples of its application are far and wide. A good example is the use of the process in industrial production of gasses. Through the use of diffusion coefficients, scientists are able to produce different gasses in varying concentration as required for industrial application in controlled environments. This has enabled the innovation of several ranges of technological advances that are widely used in the modern world. Production of oxygen tanks for hospital and other uses is a prime example of the application of diffusion processes in industrial production. Understanding these processes is therefore important to drive forth technology and innovations in modern society (Altshuller, 1960).

Tumours of the Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the most important factors in the proper functioning of the body in animals. It is most crucial in controlling the coordination of different functions and tasks as it is responsible for relaying messages from the brain to the rest of the organism's body. As such, it is essential that the nervous system function properly. Failure to coordinate these functions would result in the improper functioning of the various processes necessary for survival; in everyday life. Damage can be caused by various different means, tumors for example. The rise of cancer cases in recent times has seen the growth of diseases that affect this crucial system in the body as described by WHO. The organization has mapped out several abnormal growths that affect the proper functioning of the nervous system. Affecting the coordination of activities between the brain and the rest of the body (Kleihues et al., 2002).

Animal Organization and the Ecosystem

The ecosystem is made up of several different species of animal and plants that are essential to maintain its existence and sustainability. This is done through a series of interactions and relationships that enable the proper functioning of everyday life processes. The interactions extend far beyond large organisms to include micro-organisms that assist in maintaining a balanced environment. This balance is called homeostasis, and enable animals to maintain a balance between the internal and external environments, resulting in a balanced ecosystem (Duncan, 1964).

Works Cited

Altshuller, A. P., and I. R. Cohen. "Application of diffusion cells to production of known concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons." Analytical Chemistry 32.7 (1960): 802-810.

Cullen, John J., and Patrick J. Neale. "Ultraviolet radiation, ozone depletion, and marine photosynthesis." Photosynthesis Research 39.3 (1994): 303-320.

Duncan, Otis Dudley. "Social organization and the ecosystem." Handbook of modern sociology (1964): 37-82.

Erecinska, Maria, and David F. Wilson. "Regulation of cellular energy metabolism." Journal of Membrane Biology 70.1 (1982): 1-14.

Godfrey, Tony, and Jon Reichelt. "Industrial enzymology: the application of enzymes in industry." (1982).

Kleihues, Paul, et al. "The WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 61.3 (2002): 215-225.