The Internet Revolution: Transforming Business Transactions Worldwide - Essay Sample

Introduction

The internet has played a big role in influencing every facet of life across the universe, including the methods of communication, conducting businesses, as well as business relations—one of the main results of information technology and internet developments in e-commerce. The internet has made business transactions shift from the traditional way of personal contacts to virtual modes where various parties can negotiate and transact through the internet while not coming into personal connections. The main focus of this paper is, therefore, to provide a summary of the various article concerning how culture and behavior of retail management in e-commerce organizations helps to retain a continuous competitive advantage via effective strategic planning.

Chaudhry, A., Yuan, L., Hu, J., & Cooke, R. A. (2016). What matters more? The impact of industry and organizational factors on organizational culture. Management Decision, 54(3), 570-588.

Purpose

The main purpose of this article is to conduct an investigation on the relative significance of industry versus organizational variables in creating a vivid explanation of various cultural norms that individuals report within organizations. The findings of this article indicate that organizational norms and cultural values are directly influenced by factors at the industry, organizational, and societal levels. The article further maintained that while organizational and the societal factors have been extensively reached, those of industry factors have failed to be given the needed attention.

Research Method

Chaudhry et al. (2016) made use of a survey-based quantitative inquiry method to conduct a survey on leaders of various business organizations in the United States. The survey data that were obtained were then presented to the authors by Human Synergistics International, the publisher of the OCI, for secondary analysis. Despite the fact that OCI is made available in over 30 languages and utilized throughout the world, the data that was presented for the study was exclusively collected via the administration of the English version of the surveys in the organization of North America.

Research Design

This study embraced a quantitative research design since it will focus on objective measurements as well as statistical and numerical analysis of the data. Chaudhry et al. (2016) decided to settle on quantitative design as it is grounded on the originality of the entire process; this is because the quantitative research design exploits primary data as opposed to qualitative design, this makes its results to be very reliable and accurate.

Sample

A sample data of over 500 departments or subunits of various organizations were included in the study. The respondents of the sample survey included 3700 members of the organizations, a broader industrial spectrum, in both the service and manufacturing sectors, ranging from small businesses to major businesses with thousands of employees.

Data Collection Instrument

The main data collection instrument for this study were questionnaires. The questionnaires were used to operationally gauge the societal cultures from middle managers with respect to various values that they reported and endorsed their behavioral practices.

Results

The results of the hierarchical linear modeling analysis of the survey sample from 3700 respondents in 500 organizations in various industries disclosed no significant between-industry variation but a significant between-organization variation in four types of cultural norms that were measured. Moreover, while there was no relationship between industry-level factors and culture, there was an explanation of a substantial variance of the cultural measures by leadership behavior and human resource practices such as usage of fairness and reward of performance appraisal.

Groysberg, B., Lee, J., Price, J., & Cheng, J. (2018). The leader’s guide to corporate culture: How to manage the eight critical elements of organizational life. Harvard Business Review, 96(1), 44-52.

Purpose

The primary purpose of this article is to conduct an in-depth study of the organizational strategy and culture and the associated outcomes and to investigate the relationship between them. It further investigates leaders' contributions to the corporate culture when carried out and administered. This study discovered that culture and strategy provide a formal logic for an organization's goals and hence shape people around them. Culture helps in expressing goals via belief and values and guides activities though group norms and shared assumptions.

Research Method

Groysberg et al. (2018) embraced the usage of online surveys and interviews. The online survey was conducted on approximately 25000 respondents. Interviews facilitated the collection of sufficient data about culture from over 230 companies as well as data concerning leadership styles and values from over 1300 executives across various range of industries. The data obtained were very vital in coming up with empirical results concerning the relationship between the organizational strategy and culture and the associated outcomes.

Research Design

This study employed the usage of mixed-method design; this constituted quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method design was used as it focused on statistical and numerical analysis of the data. Moreover, Groysberg et al. (2018) also made use of qualitative design as it stimulates openness; it can make people be more open and offer in-depth information that could not be easy to obtain through quantitative design.

Sample

The study made use of a sample from over 1300 executives from various industries, territories, leadership styles, and other industries. Moreover, the sample also constituted 230 companies concerning culture as well as responses from an online survey of 25,000 employees.

Data Collection Instrument

Groysberg et al. (2018) made use of interviews and online-survey software as data collection instruments. The interviews were used to better understand the respondents' behaviors in terms of body language and expression. Besides, it made it easy to structure questions in many that can be easily understood according to the academic background of the respondents. Moreover, an online survey tool was used to facilitate the capturing of a vast amount of data from respondents who are distributed in different geographical locations. The instruments were very effective in the collection of data that was analyzed and interpreted in this article.

Results

By focusing on the retail sector, the study by Groysberg et al. (2018) found that leaders were most influential on corporate culture when they expressed caring (about customers and employees) and were results-oriented. The author further remarked that many major retailers had changed their corporate culture dramatically, simply from hiring new leaders.

Kim, J. S., Song, H. J., & Lee, C. K. (2016). Effects of corporate social responsibility and internal marketing on organizational commitment and turnover intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55, 25-32.

Purpose

This study mainly focuses on the effects of four aspects of corporate social responsibilities (legal, ethical, economic and philanthropic responsibilities) as well as five aspects of internal marketing (training, the welfare system, compensation, management support, and communication) on the organizational committee of employees and turnover intentions especially in the context of the casino industry.

Research Method

This study made use of an on-site survey for the purposes of data collection. The on-site survey was conducted by various employees who work for one of the most established casino industries in South Korea on both weekends and weekdays. The researcher requested for permission to be allowed by the casino company to have interactions with its employees to aid in the completion of the study. For the purpose of presenting an informed consent of the study, a cover latter was incorporated on the first page of every questionnaire. The researcher then rigorously monitored the completion of the questionnaire, after which a total of 310 questionnaires were completed, collected, and presented for data analysis.

Research Design

In order to collect the data, Kim et al. (2016) used a quantitative design. Since the study focused on numerical and statistical data analysis, the quantitative design was found to be more appropriate as it aided in the collection of numerical data that can be numerically and statistically analyzed and hence presented in an easy to understand graphical format.

Sample

The sample for this study constituted employees from various departments, including administration, operations, food and beverage, and as well as sales. Moreover, a sample of 25 employees of the casino was subjected to a pretest to further ascertain the validity of the study.

Data Collection Instrument

Kim et al. (2016) made use of questionnaires as the main data collection instruments. As a tool for data collection, the questionnaire was opted for as it forms a good basis for collecting quantitative data. Furthermore, questionnaires were found simpler to administer since its format is familiar to most respondents.

Results

The result of this study was based on data collected via an on-site survey from 310 employees who work for Casino Company. A confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and second-order factor analysis were then used to examine the relationships. The results from the data analysis indicated that both of the employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and internal marketing have a positive relationship with organizational commitment and negatively related to their turnover intentions; this suggested that addition of the corporate social responsibility to the current internal marketing programs has high chances of improving the needed work attitude of the employee which may have an effect of decreasing turnover intension.

Nygaard, A., Biong, H., Silkoset, R., & Kidwell, R. E. (2017). Leading by example: Values-based strategy to instill ethical conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(1), 133-139.

Purpose

Nygaard et al. (2017) intended to establish the impacts of ethics-based leadership on a corporate culture of a big retail grocery chain that is located in the US; this emanated from the fact there is an increased desire by most companies to endorse various ethical business values and improve their business performance. However, it has remained uncertain whether such methods would improve their business performance.

Research Method

Nygaard et al. (2017) used a mixed-methods approach to investigate leadership practices. The research was conducted on 225 managers from the grocery chain in the United States. The mixed-method was found suitable for this study as it enables a comprehensive handing of the research problems. Nygaard et al. (2017) argued that the mixed-method was opted for as it made it easy for one method such quantitative to offset the limitations of the other methods like qualitative.

Research Design

Nygaard et al. (2017) used a mixed-method design; this comprised quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method design was pivotal in this study as it made it easy to collect and analyze numerical data either mathematically and statistically. Besides, Nygaard et al. (2017) also embraced qualitative design since it enhances the acquisition of in-depth information that might not be easy to attain by means of quantitative.

Sample

The sample for this study constituted 225 managers from a grocery chain in the Un...