Quantitative Research Methods for Business

Brynin, M., & Guveli, A. (2012). Understanding the ethnic pay gap in Britain. Work, employment and society, 26(4), 574-587.

There are various research methods used in business study for example planning methods, qualitative, and quantitative method while basing mainly on the research question of that particular research design. In general, this paper will review a research article written by Brynin, M., & Guveli, A. (2012), "Understanding the ethnic pay gap in Britain. Work, employment and society," to determining and understanding in depth a number of elements relating to quantitative methods of research for business in depth. These elements included in a quantitative research design includes research objectives, formulation of research questions, hypothesis formulation, and testing, and data analysis.

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What Is the Argument of the Article?

In general, the article written by Brynin & Guveli (2012), tries to understand the pay gap between workers from other ethnic groups and the white British in Britain while using a quantitative research design. The articles bring out the issue of the favoritism of the White British workers thus suggesting segregation as a factor. Nonetheless, workers discrimination might occur in two ways, within and at the entry-job point. In the previous case, other ethnicity groups may think that it's hard to work in generously compensated occupations; in the last, they acquire indistinguishable sorts of employments from whites yet get less wages. There is in this way prevalently either wage or job discrimination. The authors utilize the 1993-to-2008, British Labor Force Survey in demonstrating the significant part of the gap difference in wage payment as it is clarified by discrimination in occupations while occupationally the pay gap basing on ethnicity is far less considerable. In overall, the authors emphasize on the negative impacts of occupational discrimination throughout the article, yet on the off chance that minorities are over-spoken to in occupations with a positive pay difference, at that point there is likewise a 'defensive' discrimination factor (Brynin & Guveli, 2012).

Causes of Ethnic Pay Disparities in Britain

Per the literature review written in the article by Brynin & Guveli (2012), there exist various studies that show significant disparities in Britain in relation to ethnic labor. As other ethnicity groups continually grow at a certain rate compared to the majority white British, Bangladeshis, Pakistan's and black Americans minority groups continue to experience a higher level of low earnings, unemployment, and low occupational status. As compared to gender discrimination, ethnic pay disparities are caused by immigration policy and also employment constraint opportunity allowing minority groups to accept low paying jobs. Irrespective of additional equal variables among every group- for instance, education, the above-mentioned penalties still exist. These employment results are the consequence of numerous components, including the circulation of openings for work and relative ability levels, yet in addition segregation. One of the steadiest of differentials is the difference in pay based on ethnic pay. This can take two structures, which are not ordinarily recognized: minorities either enter fewer paying jobs or they are paid less wage payment for doing a similar job thus creating a pay gap of within occupation. This refinement shapes the premise of analysis and investigations of this article- the research objective. On the off chance that minorities are paid short of what others for a similar sort of work then we have discrimination in wage, which must be handled uniquely in contrast to segregation that leads to occupational segregation, while if minorities groups low-level jobs with less pay, it means there exists occupational segregation and also limited ethnic integration.

Research Methodology Used in the Article

As mentioned above, this written article used a quantitative research design to determine if segregation is whether negative or positive. Consequently, the hypothesis tested by the authors in this article is if segregation has a negative impact on workers' wage. Using descriptive and regression analysis method, the authors tested the formulated hypothesis using the research variables- ethnic minority groups in Britain, ethic pay gap and also occupational segregation. Descriptive analysis was used in measuring the gap of wages among different ethnic groups through calculations of the mean of the data variables obtained. For data analysis, a regression analysis method is conducted to establish a relationship between the research variable mentioned above. Based on the descriptive analysis conducted, there exist a variation not only on the pay gap on ethnic group considerably by the minority groups but also as impacted by occupational segregation (Brynin & Guveli, 2012).

Compared to other methods for data analysis, regression analysis is suitable in determining whether segregation has a negative impact on the pay gap in Britain among the majority and minority groups. This is because the essentiality of the analysis method is manifold. In this case, regression analysis is suitable for this research as it can understand various distinct forms of patterns occurring in the data variables collected thus providing new and effective insights about the studied variables that can bring a difference. The regression analysis has various advantages, for instance, operation efficiency, predictive analytics, new insights, correcting errors and supporting decision-based on the interpreted data (Brynin & Guveli, 2012). One main limitation of correlation or regression analysis is the incapability of determining the cause-effect relation even if there exists a strong relationship among the research variables. However, this limitation does not affect the interpretation of the data analyzed as the research key problem is in determining if ethnicity discrimination is negative or positive (effects).

The Article Major Finding

Based on the analyzed data using both descriptive and regression analysis, segregation in terms of ethnicity impacts wage negatively. This finding was deduced from an OLS regression which analyzed the relationship between occupational segregation (main independent variable) and hourly wage. Working in an occupation with a generally abnormal state of ethnic minorities is by and by related with a pay penalty. It ought to be noticed that this impact happens to pay little mind to the laborer's ethnicity, and in reality, further examination shows that white individuals are affected mostly; the impact is even somewhat positive for the minority's groups in Britain (Brynin & Guveli, 2012).

Reference

Brynin, M., & Guveli, A. (2012). Understanding the ethnic pay gap in Britain. Work, employment and society, 26(4), 574-587. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0950017012445095