Putting Research on Nursing Into Practice Paper Example

Title of the research article

Wilborn, D., Halfens, R. J., & Dassen, T. (2009). EvidenceBased Education and Nursing Pressure Ulcer Prevention Textbooks: Does It Match?. Worldviews on EvidenceBased Nursing, 6(3), 167-172.

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Type of research Qualitative

Purpose of study

The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which the authorship of textbooks about preventing pressure ulcers was based on evidence. Furthermore, the researchers aimed at providing recommendations to publishers and nursing students about the selection of evidence-based textbooks.

Methods/sample

A stratified sampling technique was applied to select schools to be used in the survey. Firstly, a convenience sampling technique was applied to German federal schools that met the inclusion criteria. A part of the inclusion criteria for the sample required that at least three nursing schools should be selected randomly from the 16 German's federal states. This resulted in 96 federal schools being selected. At the second level, staffs from the 96 schools were chosen randomly and interviewed over the phone.

Results

The following books were the most used:

• Bienstein and Schroder (1997)
• Kother (2005) (ED.)
• Bremer-Roth et al. (2005)
• Kellnhauser et al. (2004) (Ed)
• Menche (2004) (Ed).

Only one textbook complied with German Expert Standard's requirements and recommendations in the four that were analysed. Moreover, the books were incomplete as well as the authors did not base their work on evidence.

Limitations

Verifying results due to the absence of quantitative data was difficult.

Conclusions

Nursing textbooks used in German are either authoritative or research-based. Physicians have difficulties in accessing medical textbook due to various reasons, and this implies that their practice may not be based on evidence. The researchers recommend that CD ROMs or other forms of textbooks should be considered. The purpose of alternative books is to increase clinicians' access to a diverse range of evidence.

Title of the research article

Stuque, A. G., Sasaki, V. D. M., da Silva Teles, A. A., de Santana, M. E., Rabeh, S. A. N., & Sonobe, H. M. (2017). Protocol for the prevention of pressure ulcer. Northeast Network Nursing Journal, 18(2).

Type of research study Quantitative

Purpose of study To investigate international and national scientific data and evidence with the aim of providing recommendations about the best techniques and nursing protocols in preventing pressure ulcers.

Methods/sample

Integrative literature search and review using online libraries and databases including EDENF, MEDLINE, and LILACS. The search terms that the researchers applied in identifying the required articles for review are "prevention," "secondary," "protocol," and "pressure ulcers." The initial search yielded 108 articles. The inclusion and exclusion criteria reduced the reduced the number so that the sample size was 21 scientific articles. Lack of relatedness to the theme and full texts of the articles were the primary reasons for exclusion.

Results

The analysis resulted in two themes corresponding to the categories of research evidence used in nursing practice. The first theme was that for "protocol," which emphasizes the use of clinical and socio-demographic specificities. It also recommends the adoption of scales and instruments in measuring pressure ulcer and skin lesions. The second theme comprised "mechanisms of executing the protocols." This category stressed the provision of material and human resources, prediction of the human capital, continuing education, management support, and leadership nurses as critical strategies for the implementation.

Limitations

The inclusion criteria only required articles from French, Spanish, English, Portuguese, and Brazilian language, a principle which may have resulted in selection bias.

Conclusions

Human and material resources, as well as therapeutic and clinical aspects, should be included in the strategies for preventing pressure ulcers.

Title of the research article

Beeckman, D., Defloor, T., Schoonhoven, L., & Vanderwee, K. (2011). Knowledge and attitudes of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention: a crosssectional multicenter study in Belgian hospitals. Worldviews on EvidenceBased Nursing, 8(3), 166-176.

Type of research Quantitative

Purpose of study

The purpose of this investigation was to examine nurses' knowledge and attitudes on the topic of preventing pressure ulcers in Belgian hospitals. Moreover, the research was carried out to investigate the association that exists between the application of adequate prevention, attitude, and knowledge.

Methods/sample

A cross-sectional research design was applied in this case. 14 hospitals were selected randomly to represent 207 wards in Belgium. Further random sampling was utilized in selecting 2105 patients from 94 wards. After that, a clinical observation was applied as a tool for data collection to determine how adequate the healthcare practitioners worked to prevent and reverse the prevalence of pressure ulcers. Further, random sampling was applied to select five nurses from each of the participating wards. This sample size was sufficient in serving as a tool for knowledge and attitude. Overall, a sample size of 553 nurses took part in the investigation. An examination of the correlation between application of adequate prevention, attitude and knowledge were achieved using logistic correlation analysis.

Results

The prevalence of pressure ulcers was at 13.5%. Also, about 30% of the population was at high risk of contracting the infection while only 13.9% accessed adequate preventive measures. The average attitude and knowledge about the situation were 71.3% and 49.7% respectively. There was a significant correlation between attitude and the level of prevention application. A contrary case was established between knowledge and use of preventive measures.

Limitations

Randomly selected individuals may have been unwilling to take part in the survey. Also, there are chances that the participants in the study may have provided socially desirable answers.

Conclusions

Belgian nurses have inadequate knowledge about the application of preventive strategies in managing pressure ulcers. The application of prevention in managing pressure ulcers among Belgian nurses correlated significantly with their attitudes. However, the knowledge and application of sufficient prevention were not connected.

Title of the research article

Roberts, S., McInnes, E., Wallis, M., Bucknall, T., Banks, M., & Chaboyer, W. (2016). Nurses' perceptions of a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nursing, 15(1), 64.

Type of research Qualitative

Purpose of study

The primary aim of this investigation was to establish the perception of nurses towards prevention care bundle, which is used in controlling pressure ulcers. The study also had the objective of assessing the perceptions that nurses had towards the usefulness and effect of pressure ulcer prevention using prevention care bundle.

Methods/sample

The qualitative descriptive study design was applied in this investigation. Semi-structured interviews were employed as tools to collect data from nursing staffs. The study site involved four Australian hospitals, in which the prevention care bundle for ulcers was implemented. 4-5 participants were selected from each of the four sections through random sampling, giving a sample size of 18. The interviews were recorded and analyzed later by thematic analysis.

Results

The perception of nurses' perception obtained from the interview was summarized into five themes listed below:

• Creating partnership among nursing staffs to facilitate the implementation of prevention care bundle intervention.
• Barriers to the implementation of prevention care bundle.
• Acknowledging the significance of active patient participation.
• Enhancing participation, communication, and awareness about the implementation of prevention care bundle.
• The awareness about the prevention care bundle, as well as its similarity or contrast to existing practices.
• Limitations The sample size was small (18 nurses) and this increased the risk of bias and errors.

Conclusions

The prevention care bundle were acceptable and feasible for nurses. Some of the benefits of the prevention care bundle include improved participation, awareness, and communication. Nonetheless, nurses had doubts about how the prevention care bundles should be implemented. The simplicity of the care bundle, strong leadership, as well as the effective dissemination of evidence and communication were the perceived implementation enablers.

Title of the research article

Lannering, C., Ernsth Bravell, M., & Johansson, L. (2017). Prevention of falls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers among older persons-nursing staff's experiences of a structured preventive care process. Health & social care in the community, 25(3), 1011-1020.

Type of research Qualitative

Purpose of study

The study aimed to reduce malnutrition, pressure ulcers and falls among older adults in Sweden. This objective could be achieved through an intervention involving a systematic and structure care process. Also, the researchers also intended to examine and describe the experience that nurses had in their preventive work.

Methods/sample

Focus group interviews were used in collecting data from nurses working in home-based nursing care and nursing homes located in three municipalities. A qualitative content analysis was then applied in analyzing the interview responses.

Results

Nurses had a mixed reaction towards the care process. Systematic as well as structured workflow processes seemed to partially help in enhancing care quality through learning from results, team-based planned intervention, and improved clinical assessments.

Limitations

There were higher chances of the participants giving socially desirable responses due to influence from other members of the focus groups.

Conclusions

The nature of organizations limits the preventive work using structure or systematic processes of care in carrying out preventive action. Causes of the limitations include differences in opinions about the structure as well as the poor reliability of the assessments.