Post-Ferguson Era: Impact of Diversity on Crime & Police Force - Research Paper

Introduction

Crime is a significant quality of life influences in the United States. The effect and nature vary depending on the harms that the victims face, but the rates of crime are the main structural features of the communities which experience such long term-term negative consequences. Common consequences of crime include stigmas which most victims are associated and identified with as a bad state or harmful neighbor to both insiders and outsiders together, which eventually lead to harmful consequences of the economic landscape of the area. Notably, understanding diversity in crime rates is vital for an extensive range in the academic disciplines with direct policy implications in the social institutions and the criminal justices system. As early as the 1990s, United States has adversely enjoyed a more extensive sustained reduction in crime, especially after the introduction of an explicit compilation of crime statistics by the FBI. However, since Michael Brown shooting, one of the unarmed men who were residing in Ferguson, MO, extensive social media attention and civil unrest has been realized to address the shooting. The speculation reveals that "Ferguson Effect" has led to the decline of the high crime (Pyrooz, Decker, Wolfe & Shjarback, 2016). Significantly, the era hinted the changes in the crime trends that were being experienced in the United States. The shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson led to the conception of several explanations in the negative impacts of crime in both private and public setting. The inception of hiring more ethnically police officers in de-policing perspective reiterates that all the Unite States the government were hesitant in providing significant concerns about the excessive crime cases that were subjected to the citizens. In line with the era, more crimes related to hiring ethnically police officers were realized from the public or other dignified individuals who opposing their operations.

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Conversely, diversity on crime in hiring more ethnically police officers in post-Ferguson era reveals that most agencies organized by the police are compromised due to frequent interactions that the police and their operations of crime incidences can be handled. The evident rise in criminal cases, diversities in their nature and killings are the significant causes of the post-Ferguson era. However, enforcing substantial drawbacks in the activities that are done by the police can reduce the effect of crime diversity in the post-Ferguson period.

Literature Review

Diversity on crime in hiring more ethnically police officers in post-Ferguson era in United States is currently under major concerns on the effects it has on citizens, especially the minority groups. According to Gaston, Cunningham, & Gillezeau (2019), high-profile cases such as Ferguson reveal to the entire public that unfair administration of justice causes major challenges in the law legitimacy (Gaston, Cunningham & Gillezeau, 2019). Increased crime rates are the belief that law is not fairly administering respondents in the inconsistency in the expected values and behaviors of the citizens especially is the realized effects are beyond common perception and interactive value that law can address. According to Bialik (2015), war on cops is a subject to crime diversity and illustrates the harsh conditions which are faced by police in attempts to rectify nature of the crime (Bialik, 2015). Besides, the increased rate of crime is much associated with major concerns in the police shootings especially in their lines of duty where accidents usually become more prevalent. The emergence of de-policing which aims at addressing critical issues which are related to negative effects of social media and the police actions reveals a diverse nature on crime acts as cited in the "FergusonEffect." Reports show that the killing of the black Americans on police influences increases the public panic and increased perception towards the crime cases.

According to Gaston, Cunningham & Gillezeau (2019), crime decline is beyond the recognized characteristics and further increases in their nature result from factors which are unrelated to Ferguson (Gaston, Cunningham & Gillezeau, 2019). The more significant decline in crime in two decades ago shows that the level of ad diversity is adversely increasing according to the situation, especially in the pre-Ferguson era. The argument reiterates that increased crime rates and the Ferguson Effect are spurious and attributed to extraneous factors which are related to the shooting. However, regardless of the coincidental nadir occurrence with the Ferguson time, a serious question is still evident about the crime trends turning pints. The growing animosity to the crime rates as the result of the "Ferguson Effect" is seen as cause of crime among the citizens.

The Ferguson Effect has been centered as the leading cause of the increase in violent crime across United States cities from different disciplines (Rhodes & Tyler, 2019). Studies show that increases in the crime diversity are significantly related to hiring ethnically police officers which exposes the citizens to in their attempts to reinforce the law. However, although these studies present adequate insights about the diversity of crime and its effects among the citizens, in several instances, they narrow the perception and interaction natures about the numbers of such crimes. The police as well as the public unrests activities which are associated with major assaults which endanger the wellbeing of the citizens systematically reveal the personal changes that have been evident in crime perception. The increased diversity in types of crime exposes the police to maximize the efforts interpreting the menace, although it mostly exposes them major drawbacks (Bialik, 2015). The crime reforms adopted by crime bodies such as echoing the FBI to maximize their efforts to investigate and compiling different forms of crime reveals that the presence on the Ferguson Effect is instrumental in certain crimes. However, process of asserting the reform needed adoption of outstanding justice processes which acts as the overall guiding platform in implementing principles to address crime cases.

Purpose of the Research

Diversity in crime is studied to enhance extensive knowledge in operation techniques deployed by the police to reduce its rate in the entire population. Existence of controversial reactions on the diversity in crime rates is, however, seen as the cause of its diversity in the attempts to address it main causes to reduce the spread. This study aims at discussing the effects of diversity on crime in police in Post-Ferguson era. The information retrieved from the presented topics in literature review as the main cause of crime within a given population shows how consequential the process can be addressed. Besides, the significance of conduction the research depends on the outstanding understating of the effects of diversity on crime in police in Post-Ferguson era after the Ferguson shooting.

Research Methodology

The research study emphasizes the use of quantitative methods to determine major insights of the topics. The use of quantitative research is essential is deriving statistical data which are pertinent in the verification of topic questions. Notably, the study will examine crime data in United States cities. Data related to monthly crime s were collected from the police websites and departments in seventy out on the one hundred and five cities in the United States, with a population of two hundred people. The study focuses on larger cities because crime rates were higher, and the recorded practices were more reliable as compared to other cities. Using the named population as the target population gives the study and a generalized outlook to detect the underpowered statistical differences. Since the research focuses on the Part I Crime Report offenses which includes seven major violent crimes such as forcible rapes, criminal homicide among others, it was evident that crime was standardized in the city population based on the number on each citizen. As a result, data collection will be through analysis of the UCR reports about criminal offenses. The use of surveys is justified by its ability to provide a clear description, interpretation contextualization, and gaining a lucid coverage of the study topic.

Data Analysis

Analysis of the collected data will include analysis of the discontinuous growth model which is used for collecting insightful information and the content. The discontinuous growth model will assess the Ferguson Effect in crime trends within the city as well as highlight the relevance of linear trends in crime rates based on the specifications provided. The content analysis captures various aspects of the study topic and its relationship with the police actions on the public. Overall, in this case, emphasis will be on the discontinuous growth model on two major linear trends to give an additive interpretation.

References

Bialik, C. (2015). Scare headlines exaggerated the U.S. crime wave.

Campbell, B. A., Nix, J., & Maguire, E. R. (2018). Is the number of citizens fatally shot by police increasing in the post-Ferguson era?. Crime & Delinquency, 64(3), 398-420.-Shjarback, J.

Gaston, S., Cunningham, J. P., & Gillezeau, R. (2019). A Ferguson Effect, the Drug Epidemic, Both, or Neither? Explaining the 2015 and 2016 US Homicide Rises by Race and Ethnicity. Homicide Studies, 1088767919849642.

Pyrooz, D. C., Decker, S. H., Wolfe, S. E., & Shjarback, J. A. (2016). Was there a Ferguson Effect on crime rates in large US cities?. Journal of criminal justice, 46, 1-8.

Rhodes, T. N., & Tyler, D. H. (2019). Is It Cool to Be a Cop? Exploring the Differential Impact of Ferguson on Police Applicants. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice.