Paper Example on Homeland Defense and Homeland Security intelligence

Introduction

In elementary terms, homeland defense is probably the most correlated merely to the military arm of national defense and homeland security could be distinguished as a political arm of national defense. Homeland defense features the hard work, chiefly by the DoD, for reasons of deterring, preventing and alleviating asymmetric and symmetric hazards to a nation and offering help to civil authorities during crises. Symmetric menaces are the ones that are caused by an antagonist that tries to overmatch the strength of his opponent. On the other hand, asymmetric hazards are the ones that are posed by a rival who works utilizing some means whereby an opponent cannot effectually react kindly. The defense of DoD is shrouded in the potency of the liveried services, synergized and syndicated under U.S direction.

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Homeland security pertains to the collective efforts of a predominantly non-military countrywide team that comprise Federal, local and state entities that concentrate on thwarting, pre-empting, discouraging and conquering hostility against the United States. Additionally, homeland security is the appropriate term of the latest cabinet position which is the Department of Homeland Security. It is a broad definition that is utilized by DHS since its focus is not entirely on terrorism. In an attempt of centralizing the command of nationwide efforts to impede terrorism against the country, there was a combination of twenty-two government services into five directorates under Homeland Security department (Bullock et al., 2018). According to the National Strategy for Homeland Security, the definition of homeland security is a concerted state effort that aims at preventing a terrorist attack in the United States, minimizing susceptibility to terrorism, reducing damages and help in the recovery of occurring attacks.

Seventeen distinct organizations come together to create the intelligence community(IC). The office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) has a responsibility in administering the general efforts of the IC. The role of ODNI is to organize and synchronize the efforts of the rest sixteen IC agencies. Program managers are responsible for advising and assisting the ODNI to identify necessities, develop budgets, manage finances and assess the performance of IC. Apart from DoD, the IC departments are entrenched in Government departments. The constituents operate in accordance to the mission of their department and serve explicit intelligence prerequisites. Within the Armed Forces are the Armed Services Components who are intelligence employees mainly supporting their own service's information needs and every service is composed of at least one main intelligence officer assimilated in its organizational culture.

Differences in Homeland Defense and Homeland Security intelligence

In most cases, homeland defense and homeland security are used interchangeably, but there exists a discrete definitional variance in the two particularly regarding active roles of the Armies in both. However, there is a unique collaboration existent in the people working in every field to build a unified network that ensures the protection of the country. Homeland defense department is responsible for military actions overseas while Homeland Security department functions in the national scope to protect the nation, at and outside its borders. The stated aim of homeland security is preparing for, thwarting and answering to internal emergencies especially terrorism. Generally, homeland security revolves around to maintain a safe environment in the United States (Bullock et al., 2018). Homeland defense guards the country against direct threats. It is a critically significant role of the state whereby the defense department is the principal Federal agency. Homeland security involves in law passing, writing new rules, fighting crime, averting terrorism among other responsibilities. Besides ascertaining that the citizens are safe, homeland security also guards the liberty people are afforded in the United States.

Reform to Eliminate Seams Between Homeland Defense and Homeland Security Intelligence

The terrorist incidences that took place in 2001 and the 2005 Hurricane Katrina have stressed on the essence of tiered aptitude toward every threat reaction in the United States. Homeland Security Department and United States Northern Command go on enhancing capabilities and harmonization with each other, but there exist openings that lack lucidity, affect reaction times, result to incident command misperception and limit information sharing (Carroll, 2013). There is a seam of uncertainty in cases where the mission of DoD homeland defense overlays with DHS homeland security. The United States made a dedication to meet and finish the seams for purposes of preventing, preparing, responding and recovering from the next occurrence that challenges people's response enterprise in a better manner. For the past ten years, the regime was able to establish and syndicate several agencies and vertical layers to enhance the planning, implementation, and recovery from disasters. The DoD which played a supportive function in Defense Support of Civil Authorities instituted a new command for helping in natural and human-made disaster. Military primary responders like the HRF, CSTs, and CERFP get control from the country governor who often put then in State Active Duty for rejoinder. Too much time is taken in the decision making procedure in case other forces are necessitated for the response because of a time lag that restricts initial evaluations sent to governors.

References

Bullock, J. A., Haddow, G. D., & Coppola, D. P. (2018). The Future of Homeland Security. Homeland Security, 387-395. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804465-0.00013-3

Bullock, J. A., Haddow, G. D., & Coppola, D. P. (2018). Governmental Homeland Security Structures. Homeland Security, 67-119. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804465-0.00004-2

Carroll, C. W. (2013). StunRay technology: nonlethal weapons for law enforcement, homeland security, and anti-piracy. Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense XII. doi:10.1117/12.2017880