Essay Sample on Peacekeeping as Intervention

Introduction

According to the opportunistic violence document, there a number of ways through which interventions affect the process of conflict resolution. Peacekeeping is one of these ways and it has been reflected in the document in a different area under different circumstances. These interventions, however, have positive and negative effects. In the opportunistic violence document, there is evidence of peacekeeping intervention in two cases. The first case is whereby the Peacekeepers from Un prevent the killing of the civilians through tasking and deployment in a large number. The military troops intervened and achieved their objective in reducing the killing of the civilians through the division of the combats as well as negating the battlefields which were the main arena where the civilians were frequently targeted. Through the separation of the functions, there is a reduction in the threats on one side of advancing in terms of military. This has created an opportunity to open windows related to the opportunities that are open for peace, ceasefires, and demobilization. There has been a less deliberation of the security dilemma that exists between the belligerent due to the buffer of the peacekeepers as they remove the threat of the factions. The UN has therefore been able to intervene and reduce civilian killings by adding to the number of military troops in the missions.

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This increase in the sum of military troops has a positive effect on the reduction of the civilian killings. Both sides feel that there is a need to uplift the loyalty of the civilians although the violence at the battlefield is calmed severally by the PKO troops. Violence is a tool that can be used in extracting resources, recruitment of more combatants and improvement of the power of the faction as they prepare for a new form of conflict. However, the patrol of the civilians behind the frontlines leads to the increase in the predatory faction cost in targeting the civilians. On the side of the government, this comes a loss and therefore it registers a negative impact of the peacekeeping intervention. The commitment of atrocities by the belligerents is combat therefore by the police forces who go an extra mile in this endeavor.

Peacekeeping intervention according to the opportunistic violence document is found in the case of Sudan in Africa where there was a political war between the two SLA leaders. The intervention that is peacekeeping interventions played a significant role in stopping the resistance by Darful through that could be expressed through the formation of a United Politica font. The Janjaweed was the main government proxies who belong to the Darfur segment of tribes who are associated with camel herding. The government of Sudan made a peacekeeping intention through making a deal with this segment of people and they were allowed to carry on with their agenda taking into consideration the impunity and there suppressing the rebellion. In this process of curbing rebellion, the first approach in this intervention was to deal with the Darfur and stabilize them before the end of the talks. This mission achieved a lot during the first twelve months although every new progress needs to be consolidated by a mandate that is more strong and more realistic in terms of its operations. There is also a need to have better finances, better logistics and a larger number of people. This was quite a challenge at the v=beginning but it was soon realized and promised by the international donors as well as the AU although they were not delivered.

Sanctions and Aid as an Intervention

In most cases, the powerful states offer support in an attempt to pursue international security and security objectives in the world. The effectiveness of this aid may be undermined at times if there is an exacerbation of the effects of the prevailing conflicts on the residents in a recipient nation. The application of external aid in addressing the security threat has resulted in the emergence of a new dimension in the debate concerning its effectiveness. Terrorism has become an international concern right from the mid-80s. The self-interest of the donors dominates the allocation of the aid despite the fact that donors give aid due to a number of reasons from commercial interest to geopolitical welfare development. In most cases according to the study done the aid of the military mitigates the application of violence that is one-sided by the government. However, under some circumstances, the aid associated with the development or the one directed to development may stimulate predatory character among the government and hence accelerate common violence. The research, therefore, situates the security of human beings as a crucial component through shedding light on the way in which foreign aid accelerates predatory behavior. The policymakers, therefore, should make use of the findings as a tool in making a specific decision on particular cases. The finding, however, seems to be more promising to the United States aid as far as the effects of the aid to the civilians are concerned.

On the other hand, there are sanctions as an intervention in the progressing politicide and genocides on the severity of the economic sanctions. The sanctions are associated with exacerbation of the conditions of human rights. However, the sanctions are called for by the human rights advocates, some scholars as well as influential policymakers to try to mitigate the atrocities. Sanctions are never effective in aggravating atrocities nor even promote them as academic experts in literature as many policymakers have assumed for a long time. Some leaders o the states, as well as international governmental organizations, repeatedly employ sanctions when they want to demonstrate their displeasure with some policies. Sanctions may be a useful tool in reducing the time span of the atrocities. They are tools that are ill-suited in reducing severity related to the mass murder of the interest as well as the targeted group. Sanctions are only effective in the mitigation of genocide and politicide when the cost of the murderous policy rises significantly and as such the policymakers have been used in lobbying costlier sanctions as far as the atrocities are concerned. Only the smart sanctions are going to be effective in atrocities and the policymakers have embraced the policy in calling for sanctions that are directed towards the elites who are perpetrating through the support of the agents and other sources. For example, the imposition of the sanction to the Serbian leaders alongside the travel bans, the Sudanese financial sanction on the leader are just some of the example outlined in the sanction and Aid intervention category. The smart sanctions have been advocated for by the nongovernmental organizations specifically the human rights organizations as well as the civil society groups.

Bibliography

De Waal, Alex. "Darfur and the Failure of the Responsibility to Protect." International Affairs 83, no. 6 (2007): 1039-1054.

Hultman, Lisa, Jacob Kathman, and Megan Shannon. "United Nations peacekeeping and civilian protection in civil war." American Journal of Political Science 57, no. 4 (2013): 875-891.

Jadoon, Amira. "Persuasion and Predation: The Effects of US Military Aid and International Development Aid on Civilian Killings." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 41, no. 10 (2018): 776-800.

Krain, Matthew. "The effect of economic sanctions on the severity of genocides or politicides." Journal of genocide research 19, no. 1 (2017): 88-111.