Essay Sample on Explore India: A Land of Diversity & Rich Culture

Introduction

India is the second most populated country and also ranked the most populated democracy in the world. It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean on the southern side, the Arabian Sea on the southwest wing, bordered by Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand. It is a republic that is governed by a federal secular republic which as a population of above one billion people. It has New Delhi as its capital city. It is a multilingual nation with English and Hindi as its two national languages. India is a very bio diversified country having nearly 21.35% of its total area covered by forests. India is also rich with tourist attraction sites due to its long-standing prehistoric sites and other tourist attraction sites such as forests, game reserves game parks, and beautiful shows.

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Malnutrition

A report written in 2005 claims that 60% of India's children below three years are malnourished. This was greater than the findings conducted by the world bank on sub-Saharan Africa which had about 28% malnutrition. World Bank data claims that India has the largest demographics of children suffering from malnutrition in the world .it is claimed to be double that of sub-Saharan Africa with its uttermost consequences. Despite India being among the few countries with a long-standing GDP of above 50% dating from 1991, one-third of children who are malnourished are found in India. The economic imbalance is one of the few causes of malnutrition in India. Most of the citizens have a low social status which causes their diets to be of low quality and quantity. Most of the mothers too suffer from malnutrition and its hard for them to conceive healthy babies. Among the few management programs launched by the government of India against this menace include; NCF, ICDS, and National Health Mission.

Communicable Diseases

India is still recording some of the major epidemics of communicable diseases which include swine flu, H1N1, chikungunya, and dengue. Prevalence of diarrheal diseases is very high in children which have led to escalated mortality and morbidity in the infant group. Vector-borne diseases such as malaria and chikungunya have not subsidized due to continuous environmental measures by all concerned agencies and the general public. This has led to an increase in the population of vectors leading to high rates of infection and disease transmission among the children. Most of the vector-borne diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes. However, diarrheal disease is caused due to contamination of food and water by microbial components such as rotavirus. More so other diseases conditions cholera, dysentery, and typhoid can be spread through fecal-oral routes and have led a very high mortal, about 13% of all deaths under 5 years of age.

High Infant Mortality Rate

India has observed a series of progress over recent decades. However, India still bears high levels of child mortality. Aggravating factors that cause high mortality rates in children include low child weight. This is also influenced by malnutrition in mothers which causes the delivery of low birth weight children. Northern areas of India have realized persistent challenges with neonatal death and infant mortality. Infant mortality is as a result high ethnic minority in the northern areas of India. Poverty plays a very big role in influencing the rate of child mortality. Lack of adequate essential medical care and other essential needs is rampant among a greater population in India. Lack of adequate quality food and reliable medical attention predisposes children to starvation and eventually malnutrition. Inaccessibility to the medical servant is accountable for a very big percentage of infant deaths in India, some intervention which does not require any capital such as breastfeeding the baby 6-8 hours after birth is very important and has been found to potentially reduce infant mortality rates by 10% yearly.

Sanitation

One of the biggest challenges faced by India is maintaining proper sanitation for the members of the public. Even though access to water supply has significantly increased over the number of years, a larger part of the general population lacks access to clean water, sewage infrastructure, and a clean toilet system. Due to its large population of over one billion people, water supply systems that can comfortably supply clean water to all its citizens have not been established. Even though India is linked to unsafe water 21% of its communicable diseases are linked to poor hygiene practices. Open defecation has been the major cause of communicable disease outbreaks which has been paramount in the causation of cholera and typhoid. Most of the slum population in India very dirty and unhygienic toilets. More than 500 youngsters in India who are under the age of five die every day due to diarrhea in India alone. One of the techniques the government is using to ensure accessibility to cheap, clean and a constant supply of water. with an adequate supply of water sanitation measures can easily be undertaken. Observation has proved that with an inadequate supply of water even the simplest hygienic practices are cannot be undertaken. Lack of access to clean water has also contributed to the high cases of communicable diseases which are typhoid, dysentery, and cholera. People choose to take dirty water due to a lack of water for drinking. The government should create policies that ensure that it facilitates the provision of loans that will enable most of its citizens to access adequate clean and safe water. Health sensitization measures should be facilitated to ensure that every single citizen is properly oriented on the best hygienic practices and how to avoid infections.

Female Health Issues

women face a lot of challenges especially when they lack adequate medical attention when they expectant of sick. Due to the lack of a sensible health facility and lack of adequate medical professionals to ensure that every woman has access to safe and reliable medication attention. Due to inadequate medical services, India faces a higher number of maternal deaths during delivery. Apart from delivery complications, women are exposed to several conditions such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, and malnutrition. The following are some of the biggest challenges facing women in India include:

• Malnutrition: due to poor and inadequate food during lactation which causes women to be malnourished. However, poor traditions that make women eat last even during pregnancy make women lack access to good and quality food.
• Breast cancer: cancer of the breast is among the conditions that require extensive medical attention which women in India lack which increases the mortality in women.
• Maternal mortality: due to poor medical services, a lot of lives are lost during delivery due to unskilled and lack professional attention.

Rural Health

more than 68% of India's total population leaves in rural areas. This is slightly above the average population of the total of India's population. Many people living in rural areas in India live below the poverty line and can not access essential medical services and food. Most of this population lack essential basic supply of needs such as proper housing, food, and clothing. Such a living environment can easily predispose one to disease conditions. The availability of essential medical services in rural areas is limited to poor infrastructure and accessibility to those areas. The rural population is forced to walk for a long distance to acquire essential medical services and basic needs such as water and food. Poor road network renders the rural areas inaccessible hence this it harder for other resources to be channeled through.

Urban Health

India's urban population increased from 285 million in 2001 to 377 million which is a 31% increase in 2011. If urban India on itself was to be separated it would be the fourth largest country in the world after China. Due to the high population of people in the urban area, there is increased competition for resources and other services, the accumulation of people in one area promotes the rapid spread of contagious diseases especially in highly congested areas. Medical services within an overpopulated area predispose one more to poor quality medical services, lack of proper housing and water due to overpopulation predisposes on to health challenges which can predispose one to diseases. Overpopulation in the urban center posses some degree of psychological disorder due to over congestion. Crime has also been realized in overpopulated areas due to a lack of employment activities. Poor moral behaviors can also be noted in overpopulated areas where social sexual workers are evident. This predisposes one to infections and other sexually transmitted infections

References

Kamal, M. and Bailey, M., 2003. TRIPS: whose interests are being served? The Lancet, 362(9380), p.260

WHO (2001) Confronting the Tobacco Epidemic in an Era of Trade Liberalization. WHO/NMH/TFI/01.4. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization

Ellis, P., 2003. Globalization of healthcare: a UK perspective. HealthcarePapers, 4(2), pp.45-9.