Essay Sample on Depression: A Modern-Day Disaster Causing Sleep Disorders

Introduction

Depression is one vise that has grown to become a disaster in this modern-day era. The presence of technology that has inhibited one-on-one socialization by personal appearance is a factor postulated to be a cause (Kerner &Roose, 2016). Also, as people try to strive to better their lives, life sometimes hits harder making a person fall into depression (Tsuno, Besset, & Ritchie, 2005). Depression leads to the existence of much illness. One of the sleep disorders caused by depression is obstructive sleep apnea (Lee et al., 2019). The following is a brief description of the relation between depression and obstructive sleep apnea.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

Depression is a mental disorder that is characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest in activities (Nanthakumar, Bucks, & Skinner, 2017). The article published by the national sleep foundation brings a connection of insomnia, a sleep problem among adults, as a prevalent issue among depressed patients (Harris, Glozier, Ratnavadivel, & Grunstein, (2009). People having insomnia have a higher risk of developing depression than those who sleep well. Some of the causes of insomnia are stress, anxiety, and depression. Thus, there is proof that depression leads to sleep disorders (Farajzadeh, Hosseini & Mohtashami, 2016).

Adolescent children with depression also suffer from sleep problems (Tsuno et.al, 2005). The children in their teens often have hyper-insomnia, where they tend to have an excessive sleep. Children in this modern-day spend time on the internet, thus observing pictures which they desire but cannot have (Edwards, Mukherjee & Simpson, 2015). Overstimulation of such a scenario leads to depression. The children tend to spread their depressing conditions in their sleep (So et al., 2015). The NSF's 2006 sleep in America Poll focused on children of age bracket 11 to 17 and found a robust association between negative moods and sleep difficulties (Li, Mazarakis & Shen, 2016).

A study in Europe aimed to prove the link between depression and obstructive sleep disorder and involved 18980 people. The research by a Ph.D. holder from Stanford University, Maurice Ohayon, suggested that people with depression are five-fold more likely to suffer from the sleep-related disorder (BaHammam, Kendzerska & Gupta, 2016). Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related disorder.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a critical sleep disorder that is characterized by a break in breathing during sleep (Yosunkaya, Kutlu & Cihan, 2016). People with depression have a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (Ingram, Miranda, & Segal, (1998). Since depression and obstructive sleep apnea have symptoms that coincide, there is an under-diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea among depressed patients (Hobzova et al., 2017). This situation thus leads to the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea, depression being the cause.

Research by Dr. William V. McCall, a chair in the department of psychiatry and health behavior in the medical college of Georgia, suggests that people do not often talk about the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of treatment-resistant to depression (Khazaie, Alavi-Mehr & Younesi, 2018). It is also estimated that the effects of the disorder affect about 50% of patients with major depressive disorders (Acker et al., 2017). The research further suggests that there are hidden causes of sleep apnea in depresses individuals (Duffy et al., 2016). Finding from the study came to the conclusion that 14% of the people with depression had obstructive sleeping apnea.

Conclusion

In conclusion, depression has a connection to obstructive sleep apnea. Although the relationship seems to be complex and confusing, there is an established fundamental relationship rooted in my studies. The research and the connection in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and depression and depression show a correlation of how depression leads to the former. The effect of depression among teenage individual's shows sleeping disorders. Also, since depression causes insomnia, there is a link between insomnia and common breathing disorders. Studies also suggest that people with depression are five times more vulnerable to being affected by common sleeping disorders. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that depression leads to obstructive sleep apnea.

References

Acker, J., Richter, K., Piehl, A., Herold, J., Ficker, J. H., & Niklewski, G. (2017). Obstructivesleep apnea (OSA) and clinical depression-prevalence in a sleep center. Sleep andBreathing, 21(2), 311-318. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11325-016-1411-3

BaHammam, A. S., Kendzerska, T., Gupta, R., Ramasubramanian, C., Neubauer, D. N.,Narasimhan, M., & Moscovitch, A. (2016). Comorbid depression in obstructive sleepapnea: an under-recognized association. Sleep and Breathing, 20(2), 447-456.Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11325-015-1223-x

Duffy, S. L., Lagopoulos, J., Terpening, Z., Lewis, S. J., Grunstein, R., Mowszowski, L., &Naismith, S. L. (2016). Association of anterior cingulate glutathione with sleep apneain older adults at-risk for dementia. Sleep, 39(4), 899-906. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-abstract/39/4/899/2454040

Edwards, C., Mukherjee, S., Simpson, L., Palmer, L. J., Almeida, O. P., & Hillman, D. R.(2015). Depressive symptoms before and after treatment of obstructive sleep apnea inmen and women. Journal of clinical sleep medicine, 11(09), 1029-1038. Retrieved from http://jcsm.aasm.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=30173

Farajzadeh, M., Hosseini, M., Mohtashami, J., Chaibakhsh, S., Tafreshi, M. Z., & Gheshlagh,R. G. (2016). The association between obstructive sleep apnea and depression in olderadults. Nursing and midwifery studies, 5(2). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002089/

Harris, M., Glozier, N., Ratnavadivel, R., & Grunstein, R. R. (2009). Obstructive sleep apneaand depression. Sleep medicine reviews, 13(6), 437-444.

Hobzova, M., Prasko, J., Vanek, J., Ociskova, M., Genzor, S., Holubova, M., & Latalova, K.(2017). Depression and obstructive sleep apnea. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 38(5).Retrieved from http://www.nel.edu/userfiles/articlesnew/38_5_Hobzova--Prasko_343-352.pdf

Ingram, R. E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z. V. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression.Guilford Press.

Kerner, N. A., & Roose, S. P. (2016). Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to depression andcognitive impairment: evidence and potential mechanisms. The American Journal ofGeriatric Psychiatry, 24(6), 496-508. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064748116001378

Khazaie, H., Alavi-Mehr, H., Younesi, G., Soleimani, A., Mozafari, H., Sepehry, A. A., &Tahmasian, M. (2018). Higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea in chronic treatmentresistant depression. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, 12(1).Retrieved from http://eprints.kums.ac.ir/5380/1/ijpbs-12-01-10718.pdf

Lee, T. H., Yen, T. T., Chiu, N. Y., Chang, C. C., Hsu, W. Y., Chang, Y. J., & Chang, T. G.(2019). Depression is differently associated with sleep measurement in obstructivesleep apnea, restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. Psychiatryresearch, 273, 37-41. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178118315166

Li, Y. Y., Mazarakis, T., Shen, Y. C., Yang, M. C., Chang, E. T., & Wang, H. M. (2016). Anxiety and depression are improved by continuous positive airway pressuretreatments in obstructive sleep apnea. The International Journal of Psychiatry inMedicine, 51(6), 554-562. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0091217417696737

Nanthakumar, S., Bucks, R. S., Skinner, T. C., Starkstein, S., Hillman, D., James, A., &Hunter, M. (2017). Assessment of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Psychological assessment, 29(10),1201. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-59642-001

So, S. J., Lee, H. J., Kang, S. G., Cho, C. H., Yoon, H. K., & Kim, L. (2015). A comparisonof personality characteristics and psychiatric symptomatology between upper airwayresistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Psychiatryinvestigation, 12(2), 183. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390588/

Tsuno, N., Besset, A., & Ritchie, K. (2005). Sleep and depression. The Journal of clinicalpsychiatry.

Yosunkaya, S., Kutlu, R., & Cihan, F. G. (2016). Evaluation of depression and quality of lifein patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Nigerian journal of clinicalpractice, 19(5), 573-579. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njcp/article/view/142732