Essay on Crime Prevention Strategies: Enhancing Security with CPTED

Fennelly, L. J., & Perry, M. A. (2018). CPTED Tips to Enhance Security: Calgary Police Service, Crime Prevention Unit, Canada. In CPTED and Traditional Security Countermeasures (pp. 243-244). CRC Press.

The article summarizes approaches in crime prevention, mechanisms and theories used. First, the article starts by defining crime prevention as a range of strategies, which are implemented by businesses, communities, and government and non-organizational. Mainly, all these bodies have a target on varied environmental and social factors that increase the crime risk, victimization, and disorder (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). In terms of the focus on the intervention program, the article mentions that there are numerous approaches related to crime prevention.

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Key Findings

The article centered on an environmental approach to crime prevention. Here, the author explained that environmental approaches seek to change specific features within the surrounding, which may influence crime. This is inclusive of the border planning initiatives, crime prevention, and aims of reducing crime (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). Further, the article discussed situational prevention. This is based on the fact that crime is opportunistic and purposes modifying contextual factors, which limit the chances of offenders.

The article centers on four key elements. First, it includes three opportunity theories that include the crime pattern, routine activity, and rational choice theory. Secondly, the program involves an action research methodology that entails analyzing specific crimes issues and factors which contribute towards the crime doing. Also, this element identifies possible responses as it selects and implements the most suitable responses while evaluating and releasing the results. Thirdly, the article mentions about classifying 25 situational techniques involved in crime prevention. Lastly, the report gives examples about some of the projects, which have bee, evaluated citing different types of strategies (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). Apart from the listed crime prevention methods, the article also lists social and developmental crime prevention.

The article finalizes by mentioning some of the crime prevention mechanisms. In this case, the programs used are centered on behavioral and emotional skills. These are programs, which target the adults engaging in aggressive behavior to change. The program incorporated within the article is effective. For instance, there is a mechanism, which has been listed pertaining to different articles and how they influence the immediate precursors. For instance, social control has been used by crime preventers to ensure improvement in formal and informal surveillance, which increases the risk of committing an offense that can result in the individual being captured.

Theory Application

The difference theory was developed by John Gumperz to explain differences in cross-sectional communication. Starting with the general theory, it deals with gender differences and how different cultures embrace the variance. However, the article is not gender-specific. As such, it does not support the theory (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). But the theory supports crime prevention by ensuring that each gender is punished accordingly as per the crime they have committed. Secondly, the specific difference theory deals with a set of crimes describing them according to how the law is perpetrated. For instance, theft crimes would be classified differently as murder crimes. The article mentions precursors to crime listing the principles of prevention. As such, it supports the theory. Lastly, routine activities theory deals with three elements. First, for a crime to occur, the offender must be motivated, a victim vulnerable to the crime should be present, and there should be inadequate protection to ensure the crime is prevented. While the article lists the criminal offenses and each prevention strategy, it ensures it follows these three basics elements of routine activities theory. As such, such elements will contribute towards declaring a doing to be a crime.

Strain Theory

Developed by Robert Merton in 1938, the theory was supposed to address the sociology and criminal aspects of crime (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). This theory states the strains, which are involved within a society that would force an individual to commit a crime. First, the theory can either be structural, referring to the society level at which an individual perceives their needs that may change social structures. Secondly, the theory is classified as an individual that relates to frictions and pains, which a person disregards as they try to satisfy their needs. The article supports this theory by mentioning how strain to an individual can be reduced. Reducing strain makes the individual have improved stimuli and reach their desired goals effectively.

Social Learning And Social Control Theory

According to this theory, people learn from what individuals around them do. As such, the theory mentions how individuals learn the behaviors they have from others they surround. According to the article, community development is discussed (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). Through community development, it is perceived that individuals can change much concerning their behavior.

Similarly, the social control theory mentions how people process their commitments, relationships, and values with others they surround. Such beliefs should be able to make them avid crimes. The two theories are well represented in the community development part. According to the article, people are likely to commit when they are excluded from other community members and also lack social cohesion.

Integrated Theory

The theory mentions about the inclusion of other criminology theories to attain a specific motive, crime-free environment (Fennelly & Perry, 2018). The article incorporates integrated theory by using a consistent and comprehensive framework. Here, crime is classified as either environmentally or socially induced. After this, appropriate measures are instigated, which will integrate both crime details.