Essay Example on Skeletal Muscles: Powerhouse of Movement & Protection

Introduction

The most popular part of the skeletal muscles is the ability to give consent and bring about movement (Mehra et al., 2010). Skeletal muscles not only work to ensure movement, but also to stop it, for example by counterbalancing gravity to maintain position. Constant small changes in the skeletal muscles must keep the body up or adjust it to any position. The muscles also prevent excessive development of bones and joints, keeping the skeleton safe and preventing damage or mutilation of the skeletal structure (Forthal, 2014). This provides a detailed discussion of various issues associated with the case study on nervous system.

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A Description of the Macro and Micro Cellular Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle

The motor neurons that cause the skeletal muscles to contract begin in the spinal cord, with a smaller number in the brain stem to activate the skeletal muscles of the face, head and neck (Valle, 2019). These neurons have long procedures called axons, which are specific for transferring activity over long distances - currently the path from the spinal cord to the muscle itself, which can be up to three meters away. The axons of different neurons are grouped together to form nerves that look like wires bundled together in a bundle(Michael & Guy, 2020). Signaling begins as the potential for neuronal activity passes along the motor neuron of the axon and then along individual branches to the tip of the NMJ. In an NMJ, a synapse called acetylcholine (ACh) is discharged at the end of the axon. The acetylcholine particles disperse in a short space called synaptic cleavage and bind to acetylcholine receptors located inside the end plate of the sarcomplex motor on the opposite side of the neural junction(Guy & Michael, 2015). Once the ACh is connected, the direct ACh receptor opens and highly charged particles can pass into the muscle fiber, depolarizing it, implying that the power of the muscle fiber film is more positive.

Definition of Muscle Fatigue and Description of its Causes

Muscle fatigue is characterized by the reduction of maximum power or the creation of resistance to light contraction activity (Mehra et al., 2010). It can begin at different degrees of motor movement and is usually divided into focal and peripheral parts. The border is emptied by changes in the neuromuscular junction or its distal distance. Central fatigue begins with the central nervous system (CNS), which reduces neural muscle traction(Michael & Guy, 2020). Muscle fatigue is a common miracle test that limits athletic performance and various strained or delayed movements. It also increases and limits daily life in a variety of neurotic conditions, including neurological, severe and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in adulthood and in rates(Valle, 2019). This illustration focuses on muscle fatigue, particularly during extraordinary exercises, to provide the necessary understanding and possible treatment of muscle fatigue.

Description of the Neuromuscular Junction

As the motor neuron axon moves towards the muscle that inspires it, it is isolated into several branches, each of which forms a neurotransmitter called a neuromuscular trans-section with a single muscle fiber (Forthal, 2014). As a result, each muscle fibre is internalized by a single motor neuron. The location of the muscle fibres, which is consistent when the activity potential generates parts of a given axon, is called the "motor node". The motor node is therefore the smallest contractile component that can be initiated by a sensory system (Guy & Michael, 2015). When the activity potential reaches the neuromuscular junction, it causes the discharge of acetylcholine into this neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine binds to nicotine receptors for the motor end plate, a specific area of the postsynaptic layer of the muscle fibre (Mehra et al., 2010). This binding results in the opening of nicotine receptor channels and the penetration of sodium particles into the muscle fibre.

If enough of these sodium particles penetrate the muscle fibre to raise it from a resting level of 95 mV to about 50 mV, they cause a potential for propagation of fixed activity in the fibre (Forthal, 2014). The potential plant is first along the outer sarcolem, a sensitive film that covers several round and hollow contractile structures known as myofibrils. To penetrate the myofibrils, some of which are located somewhere below the muscle fibre, the potential for fixed activity passes through the T-tube structure where the letter "T" stands for "transverse(Guy & Michael, 2015), which starts in the sarcolem and reaches the heart of the fiber.

Description of Electromyography, Function of the Antibodies, and Role of Antigens

Electromyography (EMG) measures a muscular response or electrical action in light of nerve stimulation (Michael & Guy, 2020). This test is used to distinguish between neuromuscular abnormalities. During the test, at least one small needle (called a cathode) is inserted into the muscle through the skin. An oscilloscope (a screen showing electrical movement in wave form) then shows the electrical action obtained with the forceps (Valle, 2019). A sonic loudspeaker is used so that the movement is audible. When antibodies circulate, they attack and neutralize antigens identical to the one that triggered the immune response. The antibodies attack the antigens by binding to them. Binding an antibody to a toxin, for example, can neutralize the poison simply by changing its chemical composition; these antibodies are called antitoxins (Mehra et al., 2010). By binding to certain invading microbes, other antibodies can make these microorganisms immobile or prevent them from entering the body's cells.

Antigens important for useful immunology are usually not scattered atoms, but cellular or multicellular structures. It is obvious that in all cases, uniqueness can ultimately be determined atomically (Forthal, 2014). Infections, sometimes even crystallizable, are among the least difficult of these structures, much of the antigenic clarity of their envelope, here and there, being absolutely proteinic in nature, but regularly including lipids or polysaccharides(Guy & Michael, 2015). Occasionally, inner core proteins are additional productive antigens that can provide a safe defense response.

Conclusion

Therefore the nervous system supports almost all other muscles involved. The neurons force the muscles to move and the abdominal structures to provide force along the peristalsis and control the respiratory rate, heart rate and regular flow. This action tentatively provides the stability to the whole body hence improves the movement.

References

Forthal, D. N. (2014). Functions of antibodies. Microbiology Spectrum, 2(4), 1-17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159104/.

Guy, G. & Michael, F. (2015). Foam pads properties and their effects on posturography in participants of different weight. Chiropractic & manual therapies, 23(1), 2. https://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-014-0045-4.

Mehra, N. K., Kaur, G., McCluskey, J., Christiansen, F. T., & Claas, F. H. J. (2010). The HLA complex in biology and medicine: A resource book. New Delhi: Jaypee Brosthers Medical Publishers.

Michael, J. F. & Guy , G. (2020). Effects of cervical muscle fatigue on the perception of the subjective vertical and horizontal. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 12. https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2193-1801-3-78.

Valle, G. (2019). The connection between the nervous system and machines: Commentary. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), 11-20. https://www.jmir.org/2019/11/e16344/.