Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems - Research Paper

Introduction

Data systems have been in use for long periods with human beings striving to build and create more simple and easy to use systems all over the world. In earlier years, the recording systems in both the medical as well as the non-medical institutions have involved the use of tedious paperwork to record and store data files. The files have then led to the production of file cabinets which have also occupied large amounts of space, and they are time-consuming when the data is to be retrieved. The new computerized provider order entry system (CPOE) is intended to replace the paperwork system since it will serve the same purpose as the paper system but with less occupying of space and faster means of storage and retrieval of data. The CPOE system is a digital system for entries designed to established efficiency in hospital setups; makes treatment easy and fast as patient data can be retrieved from the database hassle-free. The system is advantageous to the workflow because it facilitates the remote access of systems and records, quick turnaround among nurses and lastly improved patient care and safety (Smith, 2013).

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Literature Review

As described above, this electrical system is an integrated system all over the medical field and practice that provides faster and safer means of administering medical assistance. The medical support at hand is always offered the nurses as well as the other medical personnel such as doctors or clinical officers. The system has catered for this kind of people as faster storage and retrieval of patients records from the system will save time during the service hence faster and efficient service (Campbell et al., 2013). Apart from this, the system has enabled more rapid communication both horizontally and vertically. Through this, the system has improved on the coordination of medical teams as an efficient communication system leads to an efficient transfer of information from one party to the other. The extra time achieved by the medical personnel during their faster and more accessible service delivery that is CPOE enabled ensures that they have time to incorporate their work with records reviews as the system can provide a means of commenting on the patients, progress.

As the system is an integrated system, the already fed information about the medical profile of the patient can be used continuously and will be updated as the treatment is provided over the required period. Through the system, any other medical personnel within the specified information with access to the system in the form of a previously set username and password will have access to this information. This will assist the smooth flow of data among the employees such that even if the direct nurse is out in shift break, any other nurse or medical practitioner will be able to check on the progress and administer the required medication at hand. Task accomplishments through the CPOE system are faster and can be carried out by any person without having to make phone calls or suffer the effects of poor handwriting.

The CPOE system is intended to become an intelligent system that will be able to learn from the previously set data and medical records. For instance, as a patient I treated of a certain long-term ailment, the records are kept systematically through the system. As the system records the data, a detailed analysis of the use of certain drugs and the health progress will be provided, and the nurses will understand the effectiveness of the administered drugs. Also, from this form of recording the system can also prescribe the best from of medication to prescribe and the medical achievement anticipated.

From such an intelligent system, the results from this kind of study of the patient progress will improve on the time of discharge and also the form of treatment as the many patients will be able to be treated from the comfort of their homes. Apart from this, the progress record will also enable the system to acquire further knowledge which may be used in the delivery of service to another patient who might be experiencing the same medical problem (Carli et al., 2018).

Health records are a common feature in the world of today as they keep the required information about a person's health. The record may be used to tell more about the behavior of the person as well as prescribe better ways to mitigate the ailments. This was previously done by people and involved tedious meetings with other health personnel to discuss the progress and how the patient can be assisted. With the modern CPOE system, the computerized system will be able to carry out the analysis of the patient and present the report of specific vital parameters from the keyed in variables. From these parameters from the report such as the drugs administered as well as blood pressure, the system will be able to derive a relationship between the drugs administered and its effect on the blood pressure. From such analysis the health records system yield the saving of time during the discussion of patient progress hence faster and efficient Medicare delivery (Smith, 2013).

Although the system may be used in this analysis and also offer prescriptions to patients, the system can also be built intelligent enough to understand the differences between the cases of patients as well as the differences in the amount of medical assistance provided. Apart from this, the system will assist the nurses in avoiding the pitfall that is involved in the medical field such as repeated dose therapy. The digital support provided by such a system will enable faster and creative means in the application of the techniques required to improve on health care as well as giving the patients faster service hence a pleasant treatment experience.

Theoretical Underpinnings

The CPOE system on the medical industry has brought a substantial input as it has saved on cost and also it has contributed significantly to making of bad medical decisions that cost lives. In hospitals, medical error is expensive, common and cause harm to patients sometimes. The standing debate amongst most whether despite its effectiveness of medical mistakes can surpass its negative impacts especially on causing damage to patients. Adaptive Structuration Theory is useful in understanding the types of structures used related to advanced technologies in nursing and how it emerged in human action in adopting new technologies such as CPOE system (Kouroubali, 2002). It provides an explanation of the effects and use of technological systems in an organization.

Discussion

Basing majorly on the thesis statement of this paper: The CPOE system is a digital system for entries designed to established efficiency in hospital setups; makes treatment easy and fast as patient data can be retrieved from the database hassle-free. The system is advantageous to the workflow because it facilitates the remote access of systems and records, quick turnaround among nurses and lastly improved patient care and safety. It is clear that CPOE systems have more advantageous aspects within a healthcare organization than the negative factors that can be minimized if certain hospital policies are followed accordingly (Pontefract et al., 2018). According to most studies conducted relative to impacts of CPOE systems mentioned in the literature review section, CPOE systems have demonstrated its importance on patient safety practices and workflow issues (Kudyba, 2010). It improves the quality of patients care as through saving time, a smooth workflow is generated where the clients to be served are monitored and treated according to the required specification. On the positive effects on the workflow, the CPOE system has facilitated coordination among nurses, and through this, as a feature of efficiency and proper workflow, improves the quality of healthcare to bridge the gaps and disparities in populations. Apart from the workflow and the quality of patient care advantages, the system also has a positive impact on the accessibility of the system remotely, legible orders and shorter order turnaround times.

Like most things, the CPOE system also has its negative impacts which can be primarily reduced by the hospital staff personnel following the implemented hospital policies strictly. They include problematic user systems interactions, time-consuming issues and also the enforcement of predefined relation between the providers and clinical tasks. Technical problems or human and computer interaction may lead to tragic consequences- worst case scenario, loss of life and negative work environment (Abraham et al., 2018). To nursing, CPOE systems give more bedside time to provide nursing care to patients, Reliability of the data and also enhance the efficiency of medical practices by eradicating common errors that rocked the nursing world (Lilley et al., 2019

Conclusion

In conclusion, the implementation of the CPOE system in hospital despite its development of efficiency within the healthcare organization and provision of quality care to patients. It is an inconvenient process, punctuated by risks and uncertainties and organizational barriers thus to overcome most of these challenges, and policymakers should grab the most opportunities around to enforce and speed up certain policies to ensure patients safety (Schiff et al., 2015). CPOE is an essential Information technological system in the medical sector that promises greatly to cut down mostly human error within the healthcare organization during the delivery of health care to patients. As mentioned earlier, the implementation of CPOE increased the mortality rate unexpectedly though the technology is evolving and advancing after every day. It necessitates of the human-machine interface and system integration to reduce both the unpredictable and predictable outcomes and also clinical and patient care outcomes. To nursing, CPOE offers more time to provide quality bedside care to patients, the reliability of data and also enhances the efficiency of medical practices by eradicating common medical errors.

References

Abraham, J., Kannampallil, T. G., Jarman, A., Sharma, S., Rash, C., Schiff, G., & Galanter, W. (2018). Reasons for computerized provider order entry (CPOE)-based inpatient medication ordering errors: an observational study of voided orders. BMJ Qual Saf, 27(4), 299-307. Doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006606.

Campbell, E., Guappone, K., Dykstra, R., & Ash, J. (2013). Computerized Provider Order Entry

Adoption. Electronic Health Records, 341-357. Doi: 10.1201/b16306-27

Carli, D., Fahrni, G., Bonnabry, P., & Lovis, C. (2018). Quality of Decision Support in

Computerized Provider Order Entry: Systematic Literature Review. JMIR Medical Informatics, 6(1), e3. doi:10.2196/medinform.7170

Kouroubali, A. (2002). "Structuration theory and conception-reality gaps: addressing cause and of implementation outcomes in health care information systems," Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI, 2002, pp. 1975-1984. Doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.994120

Kudyba, S. P. (2010). Healthcare informatics: improving efficiency and productivity. CRC Press.

Lilley, L. L., Shelly Rainforth Collins, P., & Snyder, J. S. (2019). Pharmacology and the nursing

Process. Mosby. Retrieved from;

https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=hJGCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&dq=cpoe+implicati

Pontefract, S. K., Hodson, J., Slee, A., Shah, S., Girling, A. J., Williams, R., & Coleman, J. J. (2018). Impact of a commercial order entry system on...