Comparison Between the US and Canada Health Systems Annotated Bibliography

American Institute of Medical Sciences. "US vs Canadian healthcare: What are the differences." 29 March 2018, www.aimseducation.edu/blog/us-vs-canadian-healthcare-differences/. Accessed on 29 November 2018.

This website provides data on the differences between the US and Canadian healthcare systems. The author covers issues like private insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, Obamacare health exchanges, paying for healthcare in Canada as well as in the US.

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The information from the website is credible because the American Institute of Medical Sciences Education is an accredited association.

The information from the website will play a vital role in developing the differences between the US and the Canadian healthcare system.

DesRoches, Catherine M., et al. "Adoption of electronic health records grows rapidly, but fewer than half of US hospitals had at least a basic system in 2012." Health Affairs, Vol.32, no.8, 2013, pp. 1478-1485.

The authors sought to investigate the number of US hospitals that had a comprehensive or a basic comprehensive EHR system in 2012. The authors excluded the federal and non-acute care hospitals, and instead, focused on acute care general medical and surgical hospitals. The authors used a sample of 2,796 institutions, and it was revealed that at least 44% of the institutions had a basic EHR in 2012.

The source is credible in that the authors used information from the health IT supplement to the American Hospital Association's annual survey.

The information from this article will help in determining the application of electronic health records in the US health system; this can be used in comparing the EHR to that of the Canadian health system.

Esmail, Nadeem and Bacchus Barua. "How Canadian health care differs from other systems." 20 March 2018, www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/how-canadian-health-care-differs-from-other-systems. Accessed 29 November 2018.

The authors talk about how healthcare in Canada is different from the other systems. The writers note that the country disallows private financing for medically necessary services and the private is often discouraged in delivering medically required treatment. Also, the author asserts that Canada ranks poorly about critical technologies such s CT scanners and MRIs.

The information from the website is credible because the Fraser Institute is not only non-partisan research and educational organization, but also an independent body.

The data from the website will assist in analyzing the weaknesses and policies of the Canadian healthcare system.

Gouvernement du Canada. "Canada's health care system." 22 August 2016, www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canada-health-care-system.html. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

The above website provides information about the Canadian healthcare system; the report includes funding Medicare as well as accessing health care services and delivery.

The information from the website is credible because it utilizes data from the Canada Health Act.

The information from this website will assist in analyzing the Medicare and government funding on the Canadian healthcare system. Also, the site gives information about the Medicare and how individuals access healthcare services in the country.

Government of Canada. "Canada's Health Care System." 26 February 2018, www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/reports-publications/health-care-system/canada.html. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

The information from the website is about the evolution of the Canadian health system as well as the role of government in the healthcare industry, the health expenditures as well as the how the healthcare services are delivered.

The information is incredible because it is from the government sources, commission reports, and Accord. Moreover, the data cover a period of more than a hundred years with all the events that took place in the Canadian health sector.

The information from the website will play a critical role in analyzing the impact of the Canadian healthcare system, for instance, service delivery.

Grandia, Larry. "Healthcare information systems: A look at the past, present, and future." 2018, www.healthcatalyst.com/healthcare-informatics-close-analytics-loop. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

The author investigates the evolution of the healthcare information systems in the US. Nonetheless, the writer gives a glimpse of the healthcare drivers, IT drivers and the resulting HIT in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

The information on the website is credible because the author provides accurate facts about the health information technology in the US from the 1960s to 2000s. More so, the author is an accomplished CIO veteran of the healthcare IT industry with more than forty years of experience.

The information from the website is important because it will assist in analyzing the current health information technology in the US.

Khazan, Olga. "The 3 reasons the US health-care system is the worst." 22 June 2018, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/06/the-3-reasons-the-us-healthcare-system-is-the-worst/563519/. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

The author cites the under-performing primary care, administrative inefficiency, and lack of insurance as the reasons for the poor healthcare system in the US. Further, the writer argues that these are the reasons behind the US lagging behind its peers.

The information from the website is credible because it has been gathered from the Commonwealth Fund, which regularly ranks the healthcare systems of developed nations.

The information from the website will be useful in building an analysis of the weaknesses linked to the US healthcare system.

Kushniruk, Andre W., et al. "National efforts to improve health information system safety in Canada, the United States of America and England." International journal of medical informatics, Vol. 82, no. 5, 2013, pp 149-160.

In this article, the authors researched to determine the challenges faced by Canada, the US and England concerning the safety of the health information technology. The writers discovered that in the three countries the technology induced-error affected the health information technology. However, the three countries have developed measures to deal with the issue. England has the most developed safety programs while in the US, and Canada the programs are in their early stages.

The article is credible because the writers used information from published literature and web resources for national programs.

This article will help in comparing the safety programs for the health information technology in Canada and the US; this will bring about the similarities and differences in the adopted approaches for resolving the health information technology challenges in both countries.

Squires, David, and Chloe Anderson. "US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries." The Commonwealth Fund 15, 2015, pp 1-16.

This article analyzes the health care spending, supply, utilization, and health outcomes in thirteen different countries by utilizing data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD.

The source is credible in that it is recent and the Commonwealth Fund has numerous publications derived from the OECD health data. Besides, the article shows accurate health spending data from 1980 to 2013.

The source will play an essential role in comparing the healthcare spending between the US and Canada. Therefore, it will be easier to conclude which health care system spends more or less.

Zimlichman, Eyal, et al. "Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system." JAMA Internal Medicine, Vol. 173, no. 22, 2013, pp 2039-2046.

The authors conducted a study to determine the number of costs associated with the health associated infections in the US health system. The authors did a systematic review of the literature between 1986 and 2013. The authors discovered that some infections, such as surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia contributed to costs of around $11 billion. Further, they recommended quality improvement measures as one way of reducing the costs.

The article is credible because it used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). More so, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature between 1986 and 2013 where they eliminated some studies; hence remaining with the most relevant data.

This article will be used in determining the estimated cost of the US health system as a result of health-associated infections and the measures taken to minimize the associated costs.

Works Cited

American Institute of Medical Sciences. "US vs Canadian healthcare: What are the differences." 29 March 2018, www.aimseducation.edu/blog/us-vs-canadian-healthcare-differences/. Accessed on 29 November 2018.

DesRoches, Catherine M., et al. "Adoption of electronic health records grows rapidly, but fewer than half of US hospitals had at least a basic system in 2012." Health Affairs, Vol.32, no.8, 2013, pp. 1478-1485.

Esmail, Nadeem and Bacchus Barua. "How Canadian health care differs from other systems." 20 March 2018, www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/how-canadian-health-care-differs-from-other-systems. Accessed 29 November 2018.

Gouvernement du Canada. "Canada's health care system." 22 August 2016, www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canada-health-care-system.html. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

Government of Canada. "Canada's Health Care System." 26 February 2018, www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/reports-publications/health-care-system/canada.html. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

Grandia, Larry. "Healthcare information systems: A look at the past, present, and future." 2018, www.healthcatalyst.com/healthcare-informatics-close-analytics-loop. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

Khazan, Olga. "The 3 reasons the US health-care system is the worst." 22 June 2018, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/06/the-3-reasons-the-us-healthcare-system-is-the-worst/563519/. Accessed on 28 November 2018.

Kushniruk, Andre W., et al. "National efforts to improve health information system safety in Canada, the United States of America and England." International journal of medical informatics, Vol. 82, no. 5, 2013, pp 149-160.

Squires, David, and Chloe Anderson. "US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries." The Commonwealth Fund 15, 2015, pp 1-16.

Zimlichman, Eyal, et al. "Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system." JAMA Internal Medicine,Vol. 173, no. 22, 2013, pp 2039-2046.