Challenges Facing International Migration from Asian Countries to Japan - Research Paper

Introduction

Of the internal and external pressure for globalization, migration has simultaneously become an effect and a cause of the intrinsic features of the development process in the ever-changing dynamic world. International migrations happen when people cross their state boundaries and stay or settle in the host state for a certain period. Undeniably, it has become a worldwide phenomenon that is growing in impact, scope, and complexity. Notably, people migrate due to various reasons which include education, looking for opportunities, political conditions among others. Also, many people migrate to look and offer their skills and workforce that are necessary for global growth. However, different challenges are facing international migration, especially migrants from Asian countries to Japan. As a result, this project focuses on research gab and development of research objects and motivation regarding international migration in Asian countries taking the case study of Japan.

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Descriptively, Japan is the only country that has advanced industrial democracy that does not allow unskilled migrant labor making it hostile to immigration. Statistically, foreigners in Japan make up less than two percent of its population compared to European countries (Tian and Chung, 2018). The hostility is a result of policies and laws concerning migration implying that not even bilateral cooperation have been effective enough. Since the economies in Asia have been under strong deflationary pressure, international migration is likely to grow to find solutions to the monetary crisis. Therefore, this paper seeks to recommend an effective combination of migration policies that will see Asia as a hub for international migration. The recommendations will be achieved by identifying the challenges facing international migration from Asian countries to the country of Japan.

The Aim of the Study

Undeniably, there are various challenges facing migration across Asian countries. And so, to enhance the global growth in the continent will require effective workforce, skills, and knowledge that are necessary to eliminate mineral and financial crisis. Thus, the aim of this study is to make new motivation and research object that will help in finding solutions to the adverse immigration issues in Asian countries. The process will be aided by identifying possible challenges concerning international migration which will form the research gab and seek necessary solutions. Irrefutably, Japan needs immigrants because 59% of Japanese believe that allowing immigrants to work in there will make their country stronger (Jozuka, 2018).In so doing, the country does not need to look at negative social-political consequences of immigration that is happened in Europe. Instead, Japan should benefit from the positive aspects and experience of immigration in European countries.

The Structure of the Study

The study will involve reviewing of literature by different scholars concerning international immigration in Asian countries. The study will review migration data from different Asian countries to provide an overview of international migration in the continent to identify the trend and possible challenges. The literature review will compile recommendations from other scholars' findings to encourage immigrants to the country in order to enhance global growth and make Japan stronger. Next, the research methodology will entail qualitative research design where the study will analyze secondary data of international migration in Asia. It will also involve the description of data and provide presented data in tables with empirical models. Last but not list, result and conclusion section will entail an analysis of the secondary data and provide a conclusion.

Literature Review

According to the investigation conducted by Ishikawa (2011), immigration in Japan or inadequate human mobility led to the collapse of economic bubble due to recession and deflation. Among all of the developed nations, Japan has the largest financial deficits and no viable solutions were offered. According to the researcher, expansion of disparities has swollen immensely due to an increase in non-regular laborers as the population continues to decrease (Ishikawa, 2011). The immigration impacts imply that the position of Japan in the international society continues to decline calling globalization of people, goods, and capital. Since many scholars focused on the influence of economic crisis on human mobility, other challenges facing international migration should be reviewed to Japan strong and restore its position in the international society. Notably, the policy governing foreign migration is the main challenge diminishing international migration in Asia.

Nakamura (2014) introduces an empirical analysis to determine the impact of foreign workers in Japan after a recommendation by the government that will allow its borders to enhance international migration since foreign labor does not imply liberalization. Restrictive immigration policies cause this crisis, and so, the country is making an effort to re-ethnicize its immigrant labor scheme to fill labor shortage. The findings of the study show that Japan is emphasizing on the virtues of homogenous national community by eliminating and preventing the effects of diversity on national security and social stability. Moreover, international migration supports all dimensions of sustainable development. As a result, migration policies and programs shape the drivers of international migration in Asia (United Nations, 2017). These drivers include social, political, and economic that is considered to ensure application of safe, orderly and regular policies.

Although the labor economic theory predicts that immigration can increase the income of Japan workers, experts still debate on the effects of immigration on the nation's economy and issues surrounding government actions. Currently, more than 11 million undocumented immigrants have made Japan their home. The failure of the Japan government to document these immigrants strains the nation's economy since they do not contribute as much to the labor market. As Peri (2012) suggests, the Immigration Policy of Japan should get rationalized to ensure reforms for fairness, simplicity as well as economic growth. Such changes should include the aligning the distribution of visas with the current requirements of the labor market to help benefit the economy of the nation.

Immigration both hurts and benefits the economy of Japan. Immigrants come into Japan due to different reasons some of which include a search for employment, education, refuge among others. Some even move to the nation as investors. Immigrants who get into the country and fail t secure a job or get the right recognition, end up straining the nation's economy since they have to depend on aids from the government and other sources. However, those who come as investors as well as those who manage to get jobs in Japan; they promote the country's economy by building the nation through their services (Brody, 2012).

Currently, Japan has more than 30 million immigrants with as many as 11 million undocumented ones. When compared to the number of Native Japans, this number seems too high for the nation. In as much as the country can accommodate even a higher number than this, when compared to its increasing population, these immigrants are becoming a bother to the Americans, particularly those who depend on the government and other aids for their livelihood. For instance, the large number of undocumented immigrants of 11 million people, shows that the country must have an unnecessary strain on its economy. A considerable number of Japan now thinks that they have become the net losers and believe that the nation has received too many immigrants.

Regardless usual argument that everyone should receive equal treatment before the law, society treats people differently based on what they have and who they are. The same case applies to low-skill and high-skill immigrants in Japan. High-Skill immigrants should receive better treatment since they significantly contribute to the overall productivity of the nation. However, in most of the cases, Japan treats both low-scale and high-scale immigrants similarly since they all face quotas not tuned to the countries economic demands and needs. The nation should realize the unfairness it manifests by not giving due consideration to these two groups (Yamanaka, 2013). And, as far as it considers the high-skill immigrants highly than the low-skill, the low-skill also should receive the necessary support to ensure that they also find ample room to contribute to the economy of the nation.

The creation of an open economic policy in which everyone receives fair treatment in the labor market will result in some people ending up as winners and others as losers. According to Storesletten (2016), in most of the cases, immigrants who move into the United States accept lower wages in comparison to the demands of Japan workers who demand high salaries. Additionally, employers prefer productive employees who can perform optimally at reasonable salaries as such Japan workers who are not ready to receive similar wages with immigrants in their levels will end up becoming losers whereas the rest who agree to have fairness in the market will become the winners together with the immigrants. Nonetheless, employers will become the primary winners due to the benefits of reduced costs.

Simplification of the temporary visa categories, and extending the auction system to add provisional visas that can ultimately be converted into permanent residence visas can serve as the right immigration policy in Japan. Apart from allowing immigrants to secure jobs easily, this policy can also make them more productive and contribute more to Japan's economy. Since according to Peri (2012) conversion of visas into permanent residence visas require exceptional record both in employment and social life, immigrants will get motivated to perform better and lessen the possible burden they currently place on the nation's economy. As such the Japan government should consider adopting this policy to not only help the immigrants but also support the country's economy

Research Methodology

This chapter will present each step and method for understanding the role of an agile supply chain as a key factor in creating and maintaining a competitive advantage in an organization. The methodology will help in establishing progressive steps in obtaining the desired research objectives which in return will help to understand the effectiveness of an agile supply chain within supply chain management as a competitive advantage.

This chapter will elaborate on the different methods and ideas that will influence the presented research process. The standard code of ethics and limitations will also be pointed out in the research process, and answers to the research questions identified.

Research Approach

The research approach is necessary to create a format for conducting the study. Research on a topic can be undertaken in two ways either inductive or deductive. The inductive approach helps in gaining relevant information and serves the purpose of building a new theory. On the other hand the deductive approach is applied for describing the practical application of the theories (Finn et al. 2000). The deductive approach provides more specifications and concepts of data analysis which is why it has been chosen for the present research topic.

Research Design

Research design involves decisions of what to observe and how this will be carried and "explains and justifies what data is to be gathered" (Easterby-Smith, 2...