Causes and Effects of Long Distance on Relationships Annotated Bibliography

Stafford, L. (2015). LongDistance Relationships. The International Encyclopedia of Communication.

An article by Stafford (2015) indicates that relationships become long-distance when geographical constraints restrict communicating opportunities. An inherent assumption is that long-distance relationships lacking frequency face-to-face contact are not as close as those with connection. Long distance relationships oppose norms for shared residents among romantic partners. However, participants anticipate moving in together in future.

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Waterman, E. A., Wesche, R., Leavitt, C. E., Jones, D. E., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2017). Long-distance dating relationships, relationship dissolution, and college adjustment. Emerging Adulthood, 5(4), 268-279.

A research study by Waterman, Leavitt, Jones, and Lefkowitz was done to examine the dissolution, status, effects and loneliness of people in long-distance relationships. The study showed that Students in Long-Distance Relationships were less positively affected by the long distance and were lonelier in the campus that when off campus. The daily effect did not differ considering whether the students stayed in their long-distance relationships or dissolved them.

Billedo, C. J., Kerkhof, P., & Finkenauer, C. (2015). The use of social networking sites for relationship maintenance in long-distance and geographically close romantic relationships. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(3), 152-157.

A study conducted by Billedo, Kerkhof and Catrin on how Abstract Social Networking sites have helped maintain long distance relationships was conducted. The survey was conducted amongst young Facebook operators in romantic relationships. The results displayed that people in Long-distance relationships had high level of interpersonal care through Social Networking sites as compared to those in Geographically Close Relationships. Also, those in Long distance relationships used Social networking sites to survey their partners and experienced high levels of jealousy.

Betchen, Stephen. 2018. "4 Problems with Long-Distance Relationships". Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/magnetic-partners/201506/4-problems-long-distance-relationships.

Stephen argues that long distance relationships costs the partners' time and money since much is spent traveling, and having to pay rent to two different homes. Also, the partners don't get a chance to know each other better, increasing the chances of relationship failure. Some people prefer distance relationships they are too busy on weekdays while others wish to connect with their partners more.

Borelli, J. L., Rasmussen, H. F., Burkhart, M. L., & Sbarra, D. A. (2015). Relational savoring in long-distance romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(8), 1083-1108.

A study by Jessica, Hannah and Margaret were to examine the effects of relational appreciating on emotion and relationship satisfaction of people in Long-distance relationships. The results yielded great positive emotion mainly those participants with a high baseline to relationship satisfaction.