Scientific Journal Article Review-Outline

The topic of the paper is "Subdual of insulin response enhances the adeptness of P13 inhibitors". The primary hypothesis of the study states that the functioning of insulin lowers the efficiency of P13K inhibitors which suppresses the feedback of the insulin (Belmont, 2014).

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The background of the information is since P13K inhibitors are linked to the homeostasis of efficient glucose disruption. Patients with reasonable regulation of glycemia, their pancreas try to make the serum glucose levels normal; hence insulin can stimulate tumor signaling and intensely affects cancer progression (DeFronzo, 2012). Since insulin can stimulate the tumor signaling the background information is induced treatment of hyperinsulinemia could limit the healing potential which tracks the path of P13K.

The insulin response can be vetoed using nutritional, therapeutically tactics, that enhance greatly on the effectiveness, or noxiousness quotients of P13K. The glucose response is prompted through such factors which will resuscitate P13K signaling tumors hence this will compromise more treatment options (Camp, 2010). The consequence is generally brief since the glucose that is left is released by the pancreas and reinstates natural glucose balance; nevertheless, hyperglycemia could be longer in patients with any amount of glucose concentration which will necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Blocking insulin signaling promotes the breakdown of glycogen happening in the liver and inhibits insulin acceptance in the emaciated muscle and adipose tissue which will result in brief hyperglycemia inside several periods after P13K (Camp, 2010).

Methods and Materials

The materials to be used include; C57/BL6, Nude mice of 8 weeks were bought for the studies on the solid tumor, while C57BL/6J mice between 10 and 12 weeks were used for AML studies. Three methods were to be used. Investigation of diabetes and cure of patients with diabetes has occasioned the improvement of several approaches of bringing a balance in the glucose and insulin intensities. With the above materials, it will help in the identification of techniques to enhance P13K inhibitor.

The first method involved preparing of cells lysates using 1x CST cell Lysis; the aim was to evaluate the total level of protein concentration. It meant buying primary antibodies from cell gesticulating. The second method required the retrieval of the antigen of the tumor sections, and this will utilize cell signaling technology. The third method involved the measuring of blood samples to assess glucose in the blood. This method is essential in determining glucose levels in the blood of a diabetic patient.

Results and Findings

A software called FDG-PET was used to examine the Zr. Images, which will aid in the quantification of insulin absorption, the be close too the extreme figures were adopted at not less than 5 ROIs that had been drawn on the adjacent pancreatic tumor slices.

According to (Pollak, 2008), the pathway of P13K wild-type mice was used to test how the induced hyperinsulinemia treatment could limit the agents therapeutic. They were used alongside the doses of a compound of therapy which had targeted multiple kinases in the pathway of the receptor of insulin PP13K-mTOR. P113K inhibitors while monitoring the glucose levels of the agents after the treatment.

According to the findings, a sizeable number of agents were able to influence the level of blood glucose substantially. After few hours of lacking additional intervention, the hyperglycemia resolved to show the reactivation of the liver and the muscle of the P13K inhibitor.

According to (Akhenblit, 2016), the tomography of fluorodeoxyglucose positron radiation was done on orthotopic bearing on the allografts of the tumor in the pancreas of the mice. The growing uptake of glucose by the cancer was observed after an hour and a half after the inhibition of P13K.

It exhibited that he insulin prickles were influencing the increased uptake of the glucose thus reaffirming the hypothesis of the study. The results relayed were essential in determining whether the induced spikes of P13K inhibitor in both insulin and glucose, could have any influence on the tumors (Calcutt,2009).

The KPC cells were treated in vitro together with the P13K inhibitors when insulin was present or absent. The results from the test conducted these cells reaffirmed the hypothesis of the study since there was an enhancement of cell signaling and collaborate with the cellular propagation recovery.

The result of the test also affirmed the hypothesis of this study, since the cell signaling was enhanced and elaborate with the cellular proliferations recovery. The results were essential as it facilitated the testing on whether the insulin spikes could provoke P13K signaling when there was P13K reticence.

The method that was used in treating KPC cell lines K8082 and K8484 with or without the availability of P13K reticence, as well as physical insulin feedback. The stimulation of all cell lines was not done evenly, even though there was variation in cellular propagation. This was essential in enhancing mobile proliferation.

When treating the patient with "ketogenic diet" alone will affect different cancerous tumors, (Calcutt,2009), signifying that the variations in diet will be inadequate resulting in the changes in the tumor response and appearance as earlier indicated in the findings of the experiment on the mouse. The AML model, the "ketogenic diet" (Calcutt,2009), by itself fast-tracked the advancement of disease signifying that diet might be the cause of problems for most patients suffering from different types of cancer especially if it is considered alone.

Further analysis enhanced on the feedback of glucose concentration responses to P13K inhibitors while on a "ketogenic diet" is a sign of dropping blood glucose intensities, the researchers endeavored to revive P13K reactivation using exogenous insulin (Pollak, 2008). The uptake of glucose extraordinarily abridged the healing benefits of augmenting P13K inhibitor therapy with a "ketogenic diet" and also salvaged tumor progress in the allograft.

Discussion

According to (Pollak, 2008), this study assessed "ketogenic diet'' ability to improve how the P13K inhibitors responses can be enhanced in tumors when uncovered to various anomalies. From the above findings, insulin can limit the P13K reticence adeptness. The conclusion implies that when insulin feedback is absent, the P13K inhibition could be improved. Once the P13K inhibition is recovered, it can be a beneficial medical substance in the treatment of diabetes which is only affected by insulin.

Critique

The actions of other hormones are not included in the findings of the study, most especially pancreatic hormones like glucagon that active participants in the control of glucose. Based on the hypothesis, the results were inclined towards the idea that the actions of insulin suppress P13K inhibitors. Glucose simulated propagation of cells lines liked to P13K inhibitor in several varieties of tumor cell lines, the quantity of stimulus was not constant athwart the lines of the cell, this is due to variation in insulin receptors on P13K signaling on growth hence this can be used to conclude that insulin can be a contributing factor in cancer growth and progression.

References

Belmont, P. J., Jiang, P., McKee, T. D., Xie, T., Isaacson, J., Baryla, N. E., ... & Guicherit, O. (2014). Resistance to dual blockade of the kinases PI3K and mTOR in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer models results in combined sensitivity to inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR. Sci. Signal., 7(351), ra107-ra107.

DeFronzo, R. A., Davidson, J. A., & Del Prato, S. (2012). The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis: a new path towards normalizing glycemia. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 14(1), 5-14.

Akhenblit, P. (2016). Interrogating Tumor Metabolism with AcidoCEST MRI.

Calcutt, N. A., Cooper, M. E., Kern, T. S., & Schmidt, A. M. (2009). Therapies for hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications: from animal models to clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 8(5), 417.

Pollak, M. (2008). Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling in neoplasia. Nature Reviews Cancer, 8(12), 915.

Camp, R. L., Charette, L. A., & Rimm, D. L. (2010). Validation of tissue microarray technology in breast carcinoma. Laboratory investigation, 80(12), 1943.