Paper Example on Teenage Pregnancies: Socio-Economic Influences

Introduction

The approach used by the article is the abductive research approach (Gigante et al., 2019). Primarily, a deductive research approach is the research process that is mostly devoted to explaining surprising facts, incomplete observations, and puzzles that have been outlined at the beginning of the study (Gunaratne, Masinter, Kolak, & Feinglass, 2015). The characteristics of the deductive approach are outlined below.

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Theory: Early teenage pregnancies are influenced by socio-economic factors (Hall, Beauregard, Rentmeester, Livingston, & Harris, 2018).

Hypothesis: Teenage mother can be considered an indicator of suboptimal sexual health in the community (Wall-Wieler, Roos, & Nickel, 2016).

Observation or test: all the selected article and literature material had considered socioeconomic factors that influence early teenage pregnancy (Aslam et al., 2017).

Confirmation or rejection: the selected review indicated that the unfavorable socioeconomic conditions that are experienced in the family and community are the contributors if high teenage birth rate (Menon, Kusanthan, Mwaba, Juanola, & Kok, 2018).

Summary of the Article

Garwood, S. K., Gerassi, L., Jonson-Reid, M., Plax, K., & Drake, B. (2015). More Than Poverty: The Effect of Child Abuse and Neglect on Teen Pregnancy Risk. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 57(2), 164-168. DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.004

The article "More Than Poverty: The Effect of Child Abuse and Neglect on Teen Pregnancy Risk" seeks to look at the risk most teenagers undergo when they get pregnant, the factors that contribute to early pregnancy (Garwood, Gerassi, Jonson-Reid, Plax, & Drake 2015). Primarily, the article is mainly looking at the socioeconomic factors and the effect of early teenage pregnancy. The article selects looks teenagers mainly from the low-income earning families as they are the one who are affected by early pregnancies, the main reason being poverty. The participants in the research was followed between 1993-2009 using child protective service, Medicare services, emergency departments, and juvenile courts. The study mainly comprises of 3281 teenage mothers who was followed until they attained 18 years of age (Garwood et al., 2015). The indicate that that only 16% of the sample size were pregnant before they attained 17 years. Consequently, 29% of teenagers who experienced neglect, child abuse, and poverty become pregnant before 17 years (Garwood et al., 2015). The main factors were maltreatment as it had a high percentage of 66, although other factors from family and youth services play a crucial role (Garwood et al., 2015). Therefore, the article concluded that it essential that children are protected from child abuse in interventions such as a nurse-family partnership.

Critique of the Article

Teen pregnancy is an issue that is affecting many youths across the globe. Researchers in of the article identified that poverty, child neglect, and child abuse are some of the factors which contribute to the early teenage pregnancies (Gigante et al., 2019). Although the article gave propounding results showing that poverty and mistreatment are the primary factors that facilitate early teen pregnancies some limits were related to the generalizability of findings, sample size, and replicability (Samano et al., 2017).

The study took about 16 years and a sample size of 3281. This is a lot of time conduct a survey of teen pregnancies considering that there changes in the economy and changing lifestyle (Mollborn, Domingue, & Boardman, 2014). The researchers indicate that some of the limitations that are not taken into account include substance abuse by the study population, mental health if the stud population, and the risk behaviors that were identified by the public services (Garwood et al., 2015). This raises the questions on the accuracy of the data and results in the article.

References

Amjad, S., Chandra, S., Osornio-Vargas, A., Voaklander, D., & Ospina, M. B. (2019). Maternal Area of Residence, Socioeconomic Status, and Risk of Adverse Maternal and Birth Outcomes in Adolescent Mothers. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2019.02.126

Aslam, R. W., Hendry, M., Booth, A., Carter, B., Charles, J. M., Craine, N., ... Whitaker, R. (2017). Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement. BMC medicine, 15(1), 155. DOI:10.1186/s12916-017-0904-7

Garwood, S. K., Gerassi, L., Jonson-Reid, M., Plax, K., & Drake, B. (2015). More Than Poverty: The Effect of Child Abuse and Neglect on Teen Pregnancy Risk. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 57(2), 164-168. DOI:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.05.004

Gigante, D. P., de Franca, G. V. A., De Lucia Rolfe, E., Lima, N. P., dos Santos Motta, J. V., Goncalves, H., ... & Ong, K. K. (2019). Adolescent parenthood associated with adverse socioeconomic outcomes at age 30 years in women and men of the Pelotas, Brazil: 1982 Birth Cohort Study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 126(3), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15428

Gunaratne, S., Masinter, L., Kolak, M., & Feinglass, J. (2015). Change in Population Characteristics and Teen Birth Rates in 77 Community Areas: Chicago, Illinois, 1999-2009. Public health reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974), 130(4), 372-379. DOI:10.1177/003335491513000416

Hall, K. S., Beauregard, J. L., Rentmeester, S. T., Livingston, M., & Harris, K. M. (2018). Adverse life experiences and risk of unintended pregnancy in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for toxic stress and reproductive health. SSM - population health, 7, 100344. DOI:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100344

Menon, J. A., Kusanthan, T., Mwaba, S., Juanola, L., & Kok, M. C. (2018). 'Ring' your future, without changing a diaper - Can prevent teenage pregnancy address child marriage in Zambia?. PloS one, 13(10), e0205523. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0205523

Mollborn, S., Domingue, B. W., & Boardman, J. D. (2014). Norms as Group-Level Constructs: Investigating School-Level Teen Pregnancy Norms and Behaviors. Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation, 93(1), 241-267. DOI:10.1093/sf/sou063

Samano, R., Martinez-Rojano, H., Robichaux, D., Rodriguez-Ventura, A. L., Sanchez-Jimenez, B., de la Luz Hoyuela, M., ... Segovia, S. (2017). Family context and individual situation of teens before, during, and after pregnancy in Mexico City. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 17(1), 382. DOI:10.1186/s12884-017-1570-7

Wall-Wieler, E., Roos, L. L., & Nickel, N. C. (2016). Teenage pregnancy: the impact of maternal adolescent childbearing and older sister's teenage pregnancy on a younger sister. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 16(1), 120. DOI:10.1186/s12884-016-0911-2