International Community & Afghanistan: Eradicating Child-Soldier Recruitment - Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Research Question (PBQ): How can the International Community and the Afghanistan government work to eradicate the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict?

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Thesis statement (CC): The International Community and the Afghanistan government can reduce the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict by establishing total societal development; this includes promoting education and employment.

Annotated Bibliography

"UNICEF Praises Afghan Child-Soldier Innovation." UNICEF, 27 Aug. 2004. Retrieved from www.unicef.org/media/media_14758.html.

The article acknowledges the history of child soldiers and the need to set the age limit for the prospective soldiers in Afghanistan. As such, the article records that Afghanistan has chosen its own volition to set the age limit at 22 for any recruitments into the Afghanistan National Army. The article also appreciates the importance of disarmament and demobilizations through various treaties aimed at pushing for legal structures that drive for the protection of the rights of the children. The article also appreciates the vitality of the protection of the girl child and the Afghan children at large. Therefore, the source will be valuable in addressing the research question on the role of the international community in ending child recruitment into the armed forces. The article is a sound source since it published on the UNICEF website, which is a globally reputable organization when it comes to handling issues related to the general well-being of the children.

Tallon, Emma. "A Special Report on Child Soldiers in Afghanistan." NAOC, NATO, 19 June 2019, natoassociation.ca/a-special-report-on-child-soldiers-in-afghanistan/.

This article was written to state and explain what a child soldier is, and the history of child soldiers in Afghanistan as well as how it all began. The author also talks about child soldiers worldwide and not just in Afghanistan and claims that it's a global problem and how the international community has supported countries with child soldiers. After reading this article, a part of the research question could be answered. This is a relevant article because the author explains what international communities are doing to end child soldiers in Afghanistan. This information is reliable because it was written and published by an intergovernmental organization, NATO; A treaty organization, also known as the North Atlantic Alliance. The research question focuses on how can the International Community end Child Soldiers, while this article states what they are doing right now to end Child Soldiers in Afghanistan. This could help with answering the part of the research question that indicates how the international community is working to eradicate child soldiers.

Zaman, Mohammad. "The Flowers of War: Addressing the Issue of Afghan Child Soldiers." The Geopolitics, 5 May 2019. Retrieved from thegeopolitics.com/the-flowers-of-war-addressing-the-issue-of-afghan-child-soldiers/.

This article states and explains what terrorist groups in Afghanistan are doing to child soldiers and how they are being used to fight at an early age. Statistics of how many children are being used to fight in the war and how many of them have died are shown. A youtube video of how children are being brainwashed is included in a link on the website, as they are also running local schools. I'm able to answer parts of the research question using this article by getting an idea of what it is that terrorist groups are doing and how they are training these children. A few solutions on what different international organizations are doing to help stop the use of child soldiers is stated in the article, which will help with answering a big part of the research question. This article is reliable because the author, Mohammad Zaman, is a professional university professor and works at Afghanistan's Forensic Science Organization. This article is linked to the research question because the article states information on some of the things that organizations are doing to end child soldiers; moreover, that's the main focus of the research question.

"Children, Not Soldiers - United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict | To Promote and Protect the Rights of All Children Affected by Armed Conflict." United Nations, United Nations, childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/children-not-soldiers/.

The UN makes this article to create an action plan to end the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict. This article includes achievements that international organizations achieved in the attempt to end the use of child soldiers. Besides, plans of the United Nations, the Afghanistan government, and all global communities that are aiming to end the use of children in armed conflict. This article will have a lot of support in answering a big part of the research question, the main point of the research question is about how the Afghanistan government and international communities work to end the use of child soldiers, which is what the article states. This article is reliable because it is written and published by the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security. It is stated in the article what the Afghanistan government and the UN achieved and what they are attempting to do in the future, which is the main link of the material to the research question.

References

"UNICEF Praises Afghan Child-Soldier Innovation." UNICEF, 27 Aug. 2004. Retrieved from www.unicef.org/media/media_14758.html.

Tallon, Emma. "A Special Report on Child Soldiers in Afghanistan." NAOC, NATO, 19 June 2019, natoassociation.ca/a-special-report-on-child-soldiers-in-afghanistan/.

Zaman, Mohammad. "The Flowers of War: Addressing the Issue of Afghan Child Soldiers." The Geopolitics, 5 May 2019. Retrieved from thegeopolitics.com/the-flowers-of-war-addressing-the-issue-of-afghan-child-soldiers/.

"Children, Not Soldiers - United Nations Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict | To Promote and Protect the Rights of All Children Affected by Armed Conflict." United Nations, United Nations, childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/children-not-soldiers/.