Identification and Analysis of Morganella Morganii - Research Paper

Introduction

M. morganii is an opportunistic entero-bacterium. The occurrence of biochemical characteristics variation from strain to strain is small. The biochemical properties of its strains are very unusual. (Rauss & Voros, 1959) Argue that based on fermentation of sucrose and other carbohydrates such as galactose, it has 12 biotypes. However, there is refute on the study as there is a conclusion that it only has two biotypes by fermentation of trehalose (Siboni, 1976). There have been numerous investigations from other biologists since then.

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However, after the recognition of the M. morganii's two subspecies and seven bio-groups in 1993, there has not been any publications to reassess its identity, distribution of anatomy, properties of potential pathogens and relative frequency. This paper will identify and analyze Morganella Morganii's identity, phenotype, characteristics of enzymes and structure.

Methods and Materials

I apply the following methods and materials to investigate Morganella morganii:

Strains of Bacteria

The experiment involves the study of 73 strains of M. morganii. For purity, streak the strains onto Salmonella Shigella agar. Afterward, inoculate them into slants of triple sugar iron. Then test for any activities of gelatinase, production of indole, xylose fermentation and phenylalanine deaminase.

Identification of Bio Group and Subspecies

The investigation also applies criteria to identify strains of M. morganii to 7 bio groups and 1 of 2 subspecies namely M. morganii subsp. Sibonii and M. morganii subsp. Morganii (Truberg Jensen et al., 1992, p. 11). The test is to show if in Acumedia having an indicator of Andrade, each strain can ferment trehalose. ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) and lysine decarboxylase (LDC) activities and 30-mg tetracycline Sensi-Disc susceptibility are the basis of determining the bio group. Also, screen the tetracycline susceptibility for in quad plates

Characterization of Biochemical, Properties of Its Structure and Analysis of Plasmid

Using the API ZYM system, test selected strains of the two subspecies for phosphatases, proteases, aminopeptidases presence. Assess the enzymatic reaction intensity by using a color chart. To assess the structure, for strains that are agar-grown, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 12.5% gels, determine the profiles of whole-cell proteins. Also, analyze the strains partially purified on SDS 10%. For plasmid analysis, grow the strains overnight in L broth. Harvest them by centrifugation. By alkaline denaturation, prepare clear lysates then perform agarose slab gel electrophoresis in TAE buffer.

Results

Identification

Using Jensen at al. criteria, 66 strains out of the 73 are proven to be of the subspecies M. morganii subsp. Morganii. Based on trehalose fermentation, the other remaining seven strains there is evidence that they fall under the M. morganii subsp. Sibonii. The strains of M. morganii subsp. Sibonii belongs to the G bio-group with (ODC+, LDC-). Bio-group A is ODC + and LDC - while B is ODC+, LDC+.

Analysis

Non-motility and bio group B strains results in a rapid fermentation of glycerol (24 h) (Parker, Wigley, & Garrity, 2003). A 40- to 45-MDa plasmid links to the activity of LDC and not resist to tetracycline. In assessing for any new biochemical tests for identification of subspecies through the utilization of API ZYM, API 50 CH, and Biolog GN commercial systems, all tests result to a failure. (Parker, Wigley, & Garrity, 2003). However, in the Biolog GN system, there is an exception of the use of L-phenylalanine as the only source of carbon. None of the strains invade line cells of Vero or HEp-2. For sheets of both cells, however, 4 of the M. morganii subsp. morganii strains are cytotoxic. It appears to highly correlate with beta-hemolytic activity rapid expression.

Conclusion

In summary, out of all the strains tested, bio-group A accounts for about 80%. It shows that the predominant subspecies and bio-group in the clinical environment are M. Morganella Subsp. Morganii bio-group A. Also, it is accountable for causing many infections linked to this species. The other bio-groups in the M. Morganella Subsp. Morganii sub-species account for only 15%. Only 10% of all strains results to M. morganii subsp. sibonii. However, in spite of the infrequency in occurrence, they are important human pathogens as they are isolated from blood, urine, and bile of the human body.

In conducting the experience, the challenge is increasing the sample size of the strains to give a better representation of the entire population. The constraint was mainly due to the unavailability of the materials to investigate the properties.

The species causes many diseases and infections which include neonatal seizures and chorioamnionitis in pregnant women, tub-ovarian abscess, brain abscess, and neonatal sepsis. Also, for a diabetic individual it can result in a postoperative foot infection, pericarditis and meningitis in HIV patients (Youmans, Paterson, & Sommers, 1985). The transmission is through stool, urine, sputum, respiratory organs and wounds. The strains are resistant to orally administrated drugs such as erythromycin, penicillin, colistin, oxacillin, cephalosporins and polymyxin B (Miller, 2018). However, most of the strains are susceptible to aztreonam, piperacillin, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol (Miller, 2018).

References

Miller, J. R. (2018, November 29). Morganella Infections Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/222443-treatment

Parker, C. T., Wigley, S., & Garrity, G. M. (2003). Nomenclature Abstract for Morganella morganii morganii (Winslow et al. 1919) Jensen et al. 1992. The Names for Life Abstracts. doi:10.1601/nm.3228

Rauss, K., & Voros, S. (1959). The biochemical and serological properties of Proteus morganii. The Journal of Antibiotics, (6), 233-248. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.34.1469

Siboni, K. (1976). Correlation of the characters fermentation of trehalose, non-transmissible resistance to tetracycline, and relatively long flagellar wavelength in proteus morganii. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbiology, 84B(6), 421-427. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb01961.x

Truberg Jensen, K., Frederiksen, W., Hickman-Brenner, F. W., Steigerwalt, A. G., Riddle, C. F., & Brenner, D. J. (1992). Recognition of Morganella Subspecies, with Proposal of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii subsp. nov. and Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii subsp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 42(4), 613-620. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-4-613

Youmans, G. P., Paterson, P. Y., & Sommers, H. M. (1985). The Biologic and clinical basis of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company.