Discussion on how Parenting Styles and Attachment Impact the Development of a Child

Introduction

A Child's Development is dependent on many different factors. One major factor in a child's development is their Parental influence. An individual's parenting style shapes a child's cognitive thinking, behaviors, social skills, and self-esteem. After post-infancy in a child's development, parents generate an emotional surrounding for them and their children, basically providing their children with the environment for them to grow. The atmosphere created helps the children to develop. Researchers have discovered various theoretical frameworks which identify the primary aspects that explain the parents' behavior. This type of behavior has characterized the quality of parenting (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). The Warmth Dimension- Parental Responsiveness and the Control Dimension- Parental Demandingness are two dimensions that can be considered as the main facilities of the parenting styles. They explain how a parent responds to various situations. In the aspect of parenting there are four types of parenting styles. The methods consist of Authoritarian, Neglectful, Authoritative, and permissive. They are the primary type of parenting styles that are utilized by the parents towards their children. Each of the above-identified is different from one another as it holds different characteristics, and brings out a different form of reaction to the children. The essay is going to discuss attachment and parenting styles and how they influence child development.

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The first dimension is Warmth Dimension provides a favorable climate, which includes listening to the child, forming positive attributions toward the child, providing support, and interests in a child's activities. With high levels of Parental Responsiveness, it is essential to give the child, positive feedback (Broderick & Blewitt,2015). For instance, a 2-year-old is instructed to clean up their toys; a proper response would be "Good Job, you're such a big helper." Providing a child or toddler with positive feedback, it will encourage them to perform the task again. As well as boost their self-esteem and develop overall as an individual. Each age group develops differently; therefore they all require different needs.

It is vital for parent's practicing in the warmth dimension- parental responsiveness to be child-centered. A parent or caregiver who is child-centered sets aside their own needs to help meet a child's developmental needs before reaching their own. Although the warmth dimension-parental responsiveness is about establishing a positive environment, some parents within this dimension create a negative emotional climate for their child/ children. This type of behavior is to be considered parent-centered. Parent-centered behavior is geared toward parental needs, instead of the child's needs. Parents who participate in this approach make quick and hostile attributions to the child's developmental needs when the requirements are out of sync with their own. This form of parenting interferes with a child's behavior and self-esteem.

Another primary type of parenting is called control dimension-parental. It is the type of parenting style which involves parents guiding their children. Parental Demandingness requires parents to place rules of discipline upon their children. Parents who are demanding expect for their children to restrain forms of their behavior to perform acts of maturity. Parents are requiring maturity demands from their children, which involve children to perform actions that are acceptable to their parents liking. Similar to the Warmth Dimension, parents practicing their parental styles within this dimension can either be child-centered or parent-centered. If the caregiver is concerned about the development of self-control, so the child is prepared to behave in ways to gain social recognition or to become skillful in social situations, then this is an example of Child-centered (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).

The parent is establishing discipline for the child to assist the child with societal standards, giving them a sense of security, in which preps a child for new experiences as they develop. It becomes parent-centered when the parent demands for silence or orderliness or things that provide a convenience to the adult and not to the child. However, each parental figure may have different disciplinary motives that combine both child-centered and parent-centered. Parents can shift their parental concern based on situational circumstances. For instance, when disciplining children in public locations, this is a parent-centered approach or prompting a child to complete a task that is sure to boost their self-esteem and providing them with personal growth. For example, when learning how to ride a bike if a child falls, they must learn to get back up again. Teaching a child that there may be challenges in life, but you must not quit (Sangawi, Adams & Reissland, 2016).

Parenting Styles: Developmental Impact

Parenting Styles begin at birth. When a child is born, it starts the cycle of how they will be raised. It is the parent's job to provide a child with tools to help them through their developmental stages in life. As stated previously, there are four types of parenting styles: Authoritarian, Neglectful, Authoritative, and Permissive (Sangawi, Adams & Reissland, 2016). Starting with Authoritative parents are highly demanding, and they expect the children to obey due to their high level of responsive. These parents generate a positive environment which supports the child's character. These are the group of parents who provide and meet their children's developmental needs and the children complete the needs like it's a responsibility they uphold one another too. Neglecting- Uninvolved parents are the type to provide little to none in attention and time to their children. Also, they don't require that any needs to be met from the child. This type of parenting style is associated with adverse child outcomes. Permissive styled parents are the types who are highly responsive to their children's needs (Sangawi, Adams & Reissland, 2016).

Authoritative parents are more affectionate, passionate and nurturing; however, they do not have as many rules and restrictions compared to the Authoritarian styled parents. Permissive parents tend to reframe from anger and aggression. Authoritarian parents are highly demanding and strict. These parents are the opposite of permissive styled parents. They demand more from their child and provide less attention to their child's developmental needs. Authoritarian styled do not provide a favorable emotional climate nor do they prompt individual assertiveness.

There has been researching by conducted Howenstein and associates that made it their focus to determine the correlating factors between parenting styles and child behaviors. It was decided that parenting styles have small yet significant correlations that have been found between the two. Parenting style provides a different impact on the child's development as they grow older. These impacts begin post-infancy when a child starts to proceed forward within their development. The Authoritative parenting has been linked to positive outcomes in young and children and adolescents. These are the children who possess peer and societal acceptance, educational achievement among others. Children of Authoritarian styled parents tend to be profoundly angry and show signs of anxiety (Howenstein et al., 2015). Also, these are the children who don't perform well socially. Not all parents are perfect and some childhood outcomes may be the same, but there are those that turn out differently. No matter how good or bad the result is, the parenting styles may vary and how to see how parenting styles can impact a child behaviorally, socially and emotionally. Some may wonder how parenting styles compare to the perspectives of faith and professional.

Parenting habit is related to childhood obesity. 16.9% of the U.S. youngsters and youths from 2 through 19 years old were obese. Youth obesity has ordinarily been related to movement related and encouraging related child rearing; anyway there is expanding mindfulness that general child-rearing practices and styles may likewise influence being overweight and large. This investigation done by Martin Pinquart, from the division of brain science at Philips, guessed that "abnormal amounts of parental responsiveness and demandingness, definitive child rearing, and a positive parent-kid relationship will be related with lower hazard for overweight/heftiness, better dietary propensities, and higher physical action. This examination was a meta-investigation meaning it consolidated discoveries from independent investigations. The data was acquired via looking in electronic databases and cross-referencing 156 exact investigations. Information from 287,944 kids and a juvenile were incorporated into this meta-examination. The kids had a middle period of 11.61 years old and 59.1% were young ladies, and 48.1% were young men.

Concerning child-rearing styles, this investigation reasoned that definitive child rearing was related to lower weight and more advantageous eating, however, these two components influence estimate negligibly. Careless child rearing was identified with higher body weight and smaller dimensions of proper dieting (Vandewalle, Moens & Braet, 2014). After gathering information from various sources, Pinquart closed the little impacts don't bolster making general child-rearing styles, parental demandingness, and the nature of the parent-tyke relationship a primary focus of avoiding and treating heftiness. Even though the impacts were resolved to be insignificant, the theory was upheld however being reliable concerning child-rearing might be a superior way to deal with diminishing the corpulence rate in kids in the U.S.

Conclusion

In conclusion, parenting styles impact the development of the child. Child development is affected by parents' behavior. Parents generate an environment for their children. A positive environment helps in their personality. There is a different type of parenting. Each parenting style provides a different impact on the child's development and overall lifestyle as they grow older. . In the aspect of parenting there are four types of parenting styles. The methods consist of Authoritarian, Neglectful, Authoritative, and permissive. Each of the above-identified is different from one another as it holds different characteristics, and brings out a different form of reaction to the children. These impacts begin post-infancy when a child starts to proceed forward within their development.

References

Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals.

Howenstein, J., Kumar, A., Casamassimo, P. S., McTigue, D., Coury, D., & Yin, H. (2015). Correlating Parenting Styles with Child Behavior and Caries. Pediatric Dentistry, 37(1), 59-64.

Larsen, J. K., Sleddens, E., Vink, J. M., Fisher, J. O., & Kremers, S. (2018). General Parenting Styles and Children's Obesity Risk: Changing Focus. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2119. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02119

Sangawi, H., Adams, J., & Reissland, N. (2016). The impact of parenting styles on children developmental outcome: The role of academic self-concept as a mediator: THE IMPACT OF PARENTING STYLES. International Journal of Psychology, doi:10.1002/ijop.12380

Vandewalle, J., Moens, E., & Braet, C. (2014). Comprehending emotional eating in obese youngsters: the role of parental rejection and emotion regulation. International Journal of Obesity, 38(4), 525.